Covid-19 Research

Publication Integrity

Corrections & Retractions

JBRES is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. This policy outlines the procedures for issuing corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions when errors or ethical issues are identified in published articles.

Publication Ethics Conflict of Interest
Publication Ethics • Corrections • Retractions • Author Protection

Corrections, Retractions & Editorial Expressions of Concern

JBRES is committed to publishing reliable, citable, and ethically sound research under a Gold Open Access model. We follow the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). If a significant inaccuracy, misleading statement, or distorted report is identified, we act quickly to protect the scientific record, readers, and authors.

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Author assurance: Ethical policies are not meant to punish honest mistakes. They exist to keep your work trustworthy, discoverable, and respected in the research community.

Why Corrections & Retractions Matter in Open Access

Open access gives your research global visibility—readers can access, share, and cite work immediately. That visibility makes it even more important to maintain an accurate scholarly record. JBRES uses structured notices (Correction, Retraction, Expression of Concern) to ensure transparency and protect the community.

Trust & Credibility

Maintains confidence in published findings and strengthens article legitimacy.

Clear Citation Record

Ensures readers and indexers understand updates without losing original citations.

Author Protection

Provides a fair investigation path and avoids misunderstanding through transparency.

Procedure for Corrections

A correction is issued when the core conclusions remain valid, but the article requires updates for clarity, accuracy, or completeness. Corrections may be initiated by authors, editors, reviewers, readers, or indexing feedback.

What counts as a “minor” vs “major” correction?
  • Minor: Typographical issues, formatting errors, minor reference updates, non-critical figure labeling.
  • Major: Numerical corrections affecting results, changes in methodology description, updated data availability, corrected figures/tables.
1
Report & Assessment
Editorial office reviews the reported issue and checks whether it affects interpretation, results, or integrity.
2
Author Response & Revision
Authors submit a revised text, corrected figures/tables (if needed), and a short “correction summary”.
3
Publication of Correction Notice
A correction notice is published and linked to the original article. Indexers can recognize the update clearly.
4
Metadata & Linking
The correction and original article are cross-linked for transparency and long-term traceability.

Procedure for Retraction

Retractions are considered when a substantial issue makes the findings unreliable or invalid. Retractions may involve honest error (rare but possible) or research misconduct. Examples include: plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research, fabricated data, manipulated images, or major methodological flaws that invalidate conclusions.

JBRES retraction principles
  • Retractions are issued to correct the scholarly record—not to punish authors.
  • We follow due process, confidentiality, and evidence-based investigation.
  • Retraction notices are transparent and permanently linked to the original article.
  1. A retraction note titled “Retraction: [Article Title]” is published, signed by the authors and/or editors (as applicable).
  2. The original article remains accessible for transparency, but is clearly marked as retracted and linked to the retraction notice.
  3. Readers who open the original article are directed first to the retraction notice for context.
  4. No changes are made to the original content except adding a visible watermark indicating the article has been retracted.

Expression of Concern by the Editor

In rare cases, editors may issue an Expression of Concern when there is credible reason to question the integrity or reliability of a publication, but the investigation is not yet concluded. This notice is published to inform readers and is always linked directly to the original article.

When it may be used

When evidence is incomplete but concerns are serious enough that readers should be alerted.

What happens next

The journal continues the inquiry. The notice may later be replaced with a correction, retraction, or removal of concern.

How authors are treated

Authors are contacted and given an opportunity to respond. JBRES applies fairness and confidentiality.

Need to report an issue or request a correction?

Please email the editorial office with your article title, DOI (if available), and a short summary of the issue. We will acknowledge receipt and guide you through the next steps.

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