Covid-19 Research

Original Article

OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9385831631

Prevalence of Adverse Events Post-COVID-19 Vaccination amongst the Adult Zambian Population

Medicine Group    Start Submission

Misheck Chileshe*, Geoffrey Mupeta, Maisa Kasanga, Ruth Lindizyani Mfune, Steward Mudenda, Mildred Biemba, Nzooma Munkwangu Shimaponda-Mataa, Musalula Sinkala and Victor Daka

Volume2-Issue12
Dates: Received: 2021-12-27 | Accepted: 2021-12-30 | Published: 2021-12-31
Pages: 1315-1321

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 continues to be a public health concern despite several practical interventions to curb its spread. Now, widespread vaccination appears to be the most important strategy in winning the fight against this deadly pandemic by promoting herd immunity. However, a lack of independent and local studies on vaccines’ safety may adversely impact the vaccine uptake and eventually the overarching goal of reducing disease transmission.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of adverse events post COVID-19 vaccination amongst the adult Zambia population.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among recipients of COVID-19 vaccines in Zambia. The study was conducted between July and August 2021. 584 adult individuals who had access to the questionnaire were enrolled. Relationships between patients' demographics and Adverse Events (AEs) were assessed using the chi-square (χ2) test given the categorical nature of the data.

Results: Pain at the injection site (79.8%), headache (57.4%), fatigue (55.5%), chills (52.6%), fever (42.3%), and joint pains (37.5%) were the most commonly reported adverse events. When stratified by gender, pain at the injection site (p = 0.01), limitation of arm movement (p < 0.001), chills (p = 0.017), headache (p = 0.044), fatigue (p = 0.004), nausea or vomiting (p < 0.001) were statistically significant, with females mostly affected. There was a statistically significant difference in the case of limitation of arm movement (20.7% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.031), chills (54.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.004), headache (59.6% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.003) and fatigue (57.5% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.008) between those 49 years and below compared to those above 50 years.

Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of adverse events being experienced by the recipient of COVID-19 vaccines and that these have been mainly mild. Healthcare authorities need to educate the public about the possible adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and how to report these events should they experience some. This will improve pharmacovigilance of adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines.

FullText HTML FullText PDF DOI: 10.37871/jbres1389


Certificate of Publication




Copyright

© 2021 Chileshe M, et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0

How to cite this article

Chileshe M, Mupeta G, Kasanga M, Mfune RL, Mudenda S, Biemba M, Shimaponda-Mataa NM, Sinkala M, Daka V. Prevalence of Adverse Events Post-COVID-19 Vaccination amongst the Adult Zambian Population. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2021 Dec 31; 2(12): 1315-1321. doi: 10.37871/jbres1389, Article ID: JBRES1389, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1389.pdf


Subject area(s)

University/Institute

References


  1. Chileshe M, Mulenga D, Mfune RL, Nyirenda TH, Mwanza J, Mukanga B, Mudenda S, Daka V. Increased number of brought-in-dead cases with COVID-19: is it due to poor health-seeking behaviour among the Zambian population? Pan Afr Med J. 2020 Oct 8;37:136. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.136.25967. PMID: 33425169; PMCID: PMC7757280.
  2. Doroftei B, Ciobica A, Ilie OD, Maftei R, Ilea C. Mini-Review Discussing the Reliability and Efficiency of COVID-19 Vaccines. Diagnostics (Basel). 2021 Mar 24;11(4):579. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11040579. PMID: 33804914; PMCID: PMC8063839.
  3. Giuseppe L, Camilla M, Brandon HM. Mild adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccination: updated analysis of Italian Medicines Agency data. 2021;8-15. doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3817988
  4. Aquino EML, Silveira IH, Pescarini JM, Aquino R, Souza-Filho JA, Rocha AS, Ferreira A, Victor A, Teixeira C, Machado DB, Paixão E, Alves FJO, Pilecco F, Menezes G, Gabrielli L, Leite L, Almeida MCC, Ortelan N, Fernandes QHRF, Ortiz RJF, Palmeira RN, Junior EPP, Aragão E, Souza LEPF, Netto MB, Teixeira MG, Barreto ML, Ichihara MY, Lima RTRS. Social distancing measures to control the COVID-19 pandemic: potential impacts and challenges in Brazil. Cien Saude Colet. 2020 Jun;25(suppl 1):2423-2446. English, Portuguese. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.10502020. Epub 2020 Apr 22. PMID: 32520287.
  5. COVID-19 and social distancing. Can J Addict. 2020 Jun 3;11(2):4-6. doi: 10.1097/CXA.0000000000000081. PMID: 34192129; PMCID: PMC7309640.
  6. Pradhan D, Biswasroy P, Kumar Naik P, Ghosh G, Rath G. A Review of Current Interventions for COVID-19 Prevention. Arch Med Res. 2020 Jul;51(5):363-374. doi: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.020. Epub 2020 Apr 30. PMID: 32409144; PMCID: PMC7190516.
  7. Singh VK, Mishra A, Singh S, Kumar P, Singh M, Jagannath C, Khan A. Emerging Prevention and Treatment Strategies to Control COVID-19. Pathogens. 2020 Jun 23;9(6):501. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9060501. PMID: 32585805; PMCID: PMC7350294.
  8. Kwok KO, Lai F, Wei WI, Wong SYS, Tang JWT. Herd immunity - estimating the level required to halt the COVID-19 epidemics in affected countries. J Infect. 2020 Jun;80(6):e32-e33. doi: 10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.027. Epub 2020 Mar 21. PMID: 32209383; PMCID: PMC7151357.
  9. Randolph HE, Barreiro LB. Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19. Immunity. 2020 May 19;52(5):737-741. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2020.04.012. PMID: 32433946; PMCID: PMC7236739.
  10. Black SB, Law B, Chen RT, Dekker CL, Sturkenboom M, Huang WT, Gurwith M, Poland G. The critical role of background rates of possible adverse events in the assessment of COVID-19 vaccine safety. Vaccine. 2021 May 6;39(19):2712-2718. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.016. Epub 2021 Mar 6. PMID: 33846042; PMCID: PMC7936550.
  11. Riad A, Pokorná A, Attia S, Klugarová J, Koščík M, Klugar M. Prevalence of COVID-19 Vaccine Side Effects among Healthcare Workers in the Czech Republic. J Clin Med. 2021 Apr 1;10(7):1428. doi: 10.3390/jcm10071428. PMID: 33916020; PMCID: PMC8037149.
  12. Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Zubkova OV, Tukhvatullin AI, Shcheblyakov DV, Dzharullaeva AS, Grousova DM, Erokhova AS, Kovyrshina AV, Botikov AG, Izhaeva FM, Popova O, Ozharovskaya TA, Esmagambetov IB, Favorskaya IA, Zrelkin DI, Voronina DV, Shcherbinin DN, Semikhin AS, Simakova YV, Tokarskaya EA, Lubenets NL, Egorova DA, Shmarov MM, Nikitenko NA, Morozova LF, Smolyarchuk EA, Kryukov EV, Babira VF, Borisevich SV, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL. Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase 1/2 studies from Russia. Lancet. 2020 Sep 26;396(10255):887-897. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31866-3. Epub 2020 Sep 4. Erratum in: Lancet. 2021 Jan 9;397(10269):98. PMID: 32896291; PMCID: PMC7471804.
  13. Hernández AF, Calina D, Poulas K, Docea AO, Tsatsakis AM. Safety of COVID-19 vaccines administered in the EU: Should we be concerned? Toxicol Rep. 2021;8:871-879. doi: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.003. Epub 2021 Apr 20. Erratum in: Toxicol Rep. 2021;8:1979. PMID: 33898273; PMCID: PMC8055532.
  14. World Health Organization. Zambia launches the COVID-19 vaccination. July 20, 2021. https://bit.ly/3mEKsms
  15. Menni C, Klaser K, May A, Polidori L, Capdevila J, Louca P, Sudre CH, Nguyen LH, Drew DA, Merino J, Hu C, Selvachandran S, Antonelli M, Murray B, Canas LS, Molteni E, Graham MS, Modat M, Joshi AD, Mangino M, Hammers A, Goodman AL, Chan AT, Wolf J, Steves CJ, Valdes AM, Ourselin S, Spector TD. Vaccine side-effects and SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination in users of the COVID Symptom Study app in the UK: a prospective observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Jul;21(7):939-949. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00224-3. Epub 2021 Apr 27. PMID: 33930320; PMCID: PMC8078878.
  16. Song JY, Cheong HJ, Kim SR, Lee SE, Kim SH, Noh JY, Yoon YK, Choi WS, Park DW, Sohn JW, Kim WJ, Kim MJ. Early Safety Monitoring of COVID-19 Vaccines in Healthcare Workers. J Korean Med Sci. 2021 Apr 19;36(15):e110. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e110. PMID: 33876589; PMCID: PMC8055510.
  17. Gee J, Marquez P, Su J, Calvert GM, Liu R, Myers T, Nair N, Martin S, Clark T, Markowitz L, Lindsey N, Zhang B, Licata C, Jazwa A, Sotir M, Shimabukuro T. First Month of COVID-19 Vaccine Safety Monitoring - United States, December 14, 2020-January 13, 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021 Feb 26;70(8):283-288. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7008e3. PMID: 33630816; PMCID: PMC8344985.
  18. Mahase E. Covid-19: Where are we on vaccines and variants? BMJ. 2021 Mar 2;372:n597. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n597. PMID: 33653708.
  19. Potluri T, Fink AL, Sylvia KE, Dhakal S, Vermillion MS, Vom Steeg L, Deshpande S, Narasimhan H, Klein SL. Age-associated changes in the impact of sex steroids on influenza vaccine responses in males and females. NPJ Vaccines. 2019 Jul 12;4:29. doi: 10.1038/s41541-019-0124-6. Erratum in: NPJ Vaccines. 2019 Aug 12;4:35. PMID: 31312529; PMCID: PMC6626024.
  20. Moulton VR. Sex Hormones in Acquired Immunity and Autoimmune Disease. Front Immunol. 2018 Oct 4;9:2279. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02279. PMID: 30337927; PMCID: PMC6180207.


Comments


Swift, Reliable, and studious. We aim to cherish the world by publishing precise knowledge.

  • Brown University Library
  • University of Glasgow Library
  • University of Pennsylvania, Penn Library
  • University of Amsterdam Library
  • The University of British Columbia Library
  • UC Berkeley’s Library
  • MIT Libraries
  • Kings College London University
  • University of Texas Libraries
  • UNSW Sidney Library
  • The University of Hong Kong Libraries
  • UC Santa Barbara Library
  • University of Toronto Libraries
  • University of Oxford Library
  • Australian National University
  • ScienceOpen
  • UIC Library
  • KAUST University Library
  • Cardiff University Library
  • Ball State University Library
  • Duke University Library
  • Rutgers University Library
  • Air University Library
  • UNT University of North Texas
  • Washington Research Library Consortium
  • Penn State University Library
  • Georgetown Library
  • Princeton University Library
  • Science Gate
  • Internet Archive
  • WashingTon State University Library
  • Dimensions
  • Zenodo
  • OpenAire
  • Index Copernicus International
  • icmje
  •  International Scientific Indexing (ISI)
  • Sherpa Romeo
  • ResearchGate
  • Universidad De Lima
  • WorldCat
  • JCU Discovery
  • McGill
  • National University of Singepore Libraries
  • SearchIT
  • Scilit
  • SemantiScholar
  • Base Search
  • VU
  • KB
  • Publons
  • oaji
  • Harvard University
  • sjsu-library
  • UWLSearch
  • Florida Institute of Technology
  • CrossRef
  • LUBsearch
  • Universitat de Paris
  • Technical University of Denmark
  • ResearchBIB
  • Google Scholar
  • Microsoft Academic Search

 

 

WhatsApp
+1(315) 654-9165