Sunil J Wimalawansa*
Volume1-Issue8
Dates: Received: 2020-12-18 | Accepted: 2020-12-25 | Published: 2020-12-29
Pages: 427-430
Abstract
The first wave of COVID-19 spread across the globe, rapidly during the first half of the year 2020 [1]. Since August 2020, the second wave of COVID-19 has been rampaging across most countries. A third wave may likely occur during the late spring of 2021. These in part coincided with the annual winter flu season in countries located in northern and later, the southern latitudes, during their respective winter periods.
FullText HTML
FullText PDF
DOI: 10.37871/jbres1174
Certificate of Publication
Copyright
© 2020 Wimalawansa SJ. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 
How to cite this article
Wimalawansa SJ. Minimize Risks of COVID-19 Infection. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2020 Dec 16; 1(8): 427-430. doi: 10.37871/jbres1174, Article ID: jbres1174
Subject area(s)
References
- Wimalawansa SJ. Global epidemic of coronavirus-COVID-19: What can we do to minimize risks? European J Biomed & Pharma Sci. 2020;7: 432-438.
- Auler AC, Cássaro FAM, da Silva VO, Pires LF. Evidence that high temperatures and intermediate relative humidity might favor the spread of COVID-19 in tropical climate: A case study for the most affected Brazilian cities. Sci Total Environ. 2020 Aug 10;729:139090. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139090. Epub 2020 Apr 28. PMID: 32388137; PMCID: PMC7194794.
- Miraglia Del Giudice M, Indolfi C, Strisciuglio C. Vitamin D: Immunomodulatory Aspects. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2018 Nov/Dec;52 Suppl 1, Proceedings from the 9th Probiotics, Prebiotics and New Foods, Nutraceuticals and Botanicals for Nutrition & Human and Microbiota Health Meeting, held in Rome, Italy from September 10 to 12, 2017:S86-S88. doi: 10.1097/MCG.0000000000001112. PMID: 30300262.
- Ianevski A, Zusinaite E, Shtaida N, Kallio-Kokko H, Valkonen M, Kantele A, Telling K, Lutsar I, Letjuka P, Metelitsa N, Oksenych V, Dumpis U, Vitkauskiene A, Stašaitis K, Öhrmalm C, Bondeson K, Bergqvist A, Cox RJ, Tenson T, Merits A, Kainov DE. Low Temperature and Low UV Indexes Correlated with Peaks of Influenza Virus Activity in Northern Europe during 2010⁻2018. Viruses. 2019 Mar 1;11(3):207. doi: 10.3390/v11030207. PMID: 30832226; PMCID: PMC6466003.
- Wimalawansa SJ. Biology of Vitamin D. J steroids Horm Sci. 2019;198:1-8.
- Wimalawansa SJ. Achieving population vitamin D sufficiency will markedly reduce healthcare costs. EJBPS. 2020;7:136-141.
- Trovas G, Tournis S. Vitamin D and COVID-19. Hormones (Athens). 2020 Jul 14:1–2. doi: 10.1007/s42000-020-00231-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32666357; PMCID: PMC7360122.
- Ilie PC, Stefanescu S, Smith L. The role of vitamin D in the prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 infection and mortality. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Jul;32(7):1195-1198. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01570-8. Epub 2020 May 6. PMID: 32377965; PMCID: PMC7202265.
- D’Avolio A, Avataneo V, Manca A, Cusato J, De Nicolò A, Lucchini R, Keller F, Cantù M. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Nutrients. 2020 May 9;12(5):1359. doi: 10.3390/nu12051359. PMID: 32397511; PMCID: PMC7285131.
- Cao X. COVID-19: Immunopathology and its implications for therapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020 May;20(5):269-270. doi: 10.1038/s41577-020-0308-3. PMID: 32273594; PMCID: PMC7143200.
- Neher RA, Dyrdak R, Druelle V, Hodcroft EB, Albert J. Potential impact of seasonal forcing on a SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020 Mar 16;150:w20224. doi: 10.4414/smw.2020.20224. PMID: 32176808.
- Wimalawansa SJ. COVID-19: Evolution and prevention. Trends Telemed E-Health. 2020;2:1-5. https://bit.ly/3p4106k
- Morris SK, Pell LG, Rahman MZ, Dimitris MC, Mahmud A, Islam MM, Ahmed T, Pullenayegum E, Kashem T, Shanta SS, Gubbay J, Papp E, Science M, Zlotkin S, Roth DE. Maternal vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to prevent acute respiratory infections in infancy in Dhaka, Bangladesh (MDARI trial): protocol for a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 Oct 13;16(1):309. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-1103-9. PMID: 27737646; PMCID: PMC5064894.
- Carpagnano GE, Di Lecce V, Quaranta VN, Zito A, Buonamico E, Capozza E, Palumbo A, Di Gioia G, Valerio VN, Resta O. Vitamin D deficiency as a predictor of poor prognosis in patients with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19. J Endocrinol Invest. 2020 Aug 9:1–7. doi: 10.1007/s40618-020-01370-x. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32772324; PMCID: PMC7415009.
- Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, Dubnov-Raz G, Esposito S, Ganmaa D, Ginde AA, Goodall EC, Grant CC, Griffiths CJ, Janssens W, Laaksi I, Manaseki-Holland S, Mauger D, Murdoch DR, Neale R, Rees JR, Simpson S Jr, Stelmach I, Kumar GT, Urashima M, Camargo CA Jr. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 2017 Feb 15;356:i6583. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i6583. PMID: 28202713; PMCID: PMC5310969.
- Wimalawansa SJ. Fighting against COVID-19: Boosting the immunity with micronutrients, stress reduction, physical activity, and vitamin D. Nutrition and Food Science Journal (Sci Literature). 2020;3:1-4.
- Wimalawansa SJ, Reducing risks from COVID-19: Cost-effective ways of strengthening individual’s and the population immunity with vitamin D. J Endocrinol Sci, 2020. 2(2): p. -13. https://bit.ly/38cMz97
- Killeen GF, Kiware SS. Why lockdown? Why national unity? Why global solidarity? Simplified arithmetic tools for decision-makers, health professionals, journalists and the general public to explore containment options for the 2019 novel coronavirus. Infect Dis Model. 2020 Jul 3;5:442-458. doi: 10.1016/j.idm.2020.06.006. PMID: 32691016; PMCID: PMC7342051.
- Merzon E, Tworowski D, Gorohovski A, Vinker S, Golan Cohen A, Green I, Frenkel-Morgenstern M. Low plasma 25(OH) vitamin D level is associated with increased risk of COVID-19 infection: an Israeli population-based study. FEBS J. 2020 Sep;287(17):3693-3702. doi: 10.1111/febs.15495. Epub 2020 Aug 28. PMID: 32700398; PMCID: PMC7404739.
