The Hypothetical Role of Erythrocytes in COVID-19: Immediate Clinical Therapy

Raffaele Ansovini*; Leonardo Compagnucci

**Raffaele Ansovini* and Leonardo Compagnucci**

Volume1-Issue3
Dates: Received: 2020-06-06 | Accepted: 2020-07-01 | Published: 2020-07-02
Pages: 040-050

Abstract

We suppose a hypothetical role of erythrocytes in COVID-19: Involvement of bone marrow; evidences of the presence of ferritins in the autoptic spleen; role of erythrocytes in the production of thrombosis; the reason of using chloroquine and heparin; the similar actions with HIV-1; protection of HIV patients and Thalassemic patients from Covid19; reason of increase of Kawasaki patients; At last the protective role of Methylene blue in COVID 19.

FullText HTML FullText PDF DOI: 10.37871/jels1119

Certificate of Publication

Copyright

How to cite this article

Ansovini R, Compagnucci L. The Hypothetical Role of Erythrocytes in COVID-19: Immediate Clinical Therapy. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2020 Jul 02; 1(3): 048-050. doi: 10.37871/jels1119, Article ID: JELS1119

Subject area(s)

Antiretrovirology

Antivirology

Virology

References

Ansovini Technology Patent US8852582B2.
Izquierdo-Useros N, Lorizate M, McLaren PJ, Telenti A, Kräusslich HG, Martinez-Picado J. HIV-1 capture and transmission by dendritic cells: The role of viral glycolipids and the cellular receptor Siglec-1. PLoS Pathog. 2014; 10. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004146
Ansovini R, Balbolini G, Migaldi M, Botticelli L, De Rienzo B. Splenomegalia AIDS e relativi problemi di ferro. Pathologica. 1998; 90: 133-139.
Mellman I, Steinman RM. Dendritic cells: Specialized and regulated antigen processing machines. Cell. 2001; 106: 255-258. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00449-4
Geijtenbeck TB, Known DS, Torensma R, van Vliet SJ, van Duijnhoven GC , J Middel, et al. DC-SIGN, a dendritic cell-specific HIV-1binding proteinthat enhancestrans-infectuinof T-cells. Cell. 2000; 100: 587-597. DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80694-7
van Kooyk, Geijtenbeck TB. DC-SIGN: Escape mechanism pathogens. Nat RevImmunol. 2003; 3: 697-709. DOI: 10.1038/nri1182
Ansovini R. Methaemoglobin in HIV disease. EACS AIDS book of abstracts, 424 the fifth European conference on clinical aspects and treatment of HIV infection Copenaghen. 1995.
Ntyonga-Pono MP. Covid19 infection and oxidative stress: an under-explored approach for prevental treatment. The pan African medical Journal. 2020; 35: 12. DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.35.2.22877
Aziz M, Rawish F, Lee-Smith W, Assaly R. The association of low serum level with severe COVID19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC. 2020; 24: 255. DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02995-3
Juyi Li, Meng LI, Shasha Zheng, Menglan Li, Mingua Zhang, Minxian Sun, et al. Plasma albumin levels predict risk for nonsurvivors in critically ill patients with COVID19. Biomarkers Medicine. DOI: 10.221/bmm-2020-0254.
Rosario C, Zandman-Goddard G, Meyron-Holtz EG, D’Cruz DP, Shoenfeld Y. The Hyperritenimec syndrome: Macrophage activation syndrome, still’s disease, septic shock and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. BMC Medicine. 2013; 11: 185. DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-185
Colafrancesco S, Alessandri C, Conti F, Priori R. COVID19 gone bad: A new character in the spectrum of the Hyperferritinemic Syndrome. Elsevier. 2020. DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102573
Borba MGS, Val FFA, Sampaio VS, Marcia Almeida AA, Gisely CM, Marcelo Brito, et al. Effect of high vs low doses of chloroquine diphosphate as adjunctive therapy for patients hospitalized with severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2020; 3: e208857. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8857
Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 patients dying in Italy Report based on available data on April 29th , 2020 report produced by SARS-CoV-2 Surveillance Group Istituto Superiore di Sanità. 2020. https://bit.ly/2YRR5pX
Dipartimento della protezione civile COVID-19 Italia - Monitoraggio della situazione. 2020.
Domenico DP, Donatella P, Lucrezia G, Alessandra M, Isabella T, Alberto Villani, et al. Pathogenetic determinants in Kawasaki disease: The haematological point of view. J Cell Mol Med. 2017; 21: 632‐639. DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12992
Henry M, Summa M, Patrick L, Schwartz L. A cohort of cancer patients with no reported cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection: The possible preventive role of Methylene Blue. Substantia, 2020; 4: 888. https://doi.org/10.13128/Substantia-888