Covid-19 Research

Observational Studies

Integrating Serum Biomarkers and Genetic Polymorphisms for Alzheimer’s disease Risk Screening

Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences article abstract with citation details, DOI, publication dates, subject areas, full text links, and references.

View DOI Submit Manuscript

Article Details

Publication record, authors, dates, abstract, and full text access.

Open Access
Article Type Observational Studies
Subject Medicine Group
OCLC JBRES Record
Zhizhen Li, Zhaohai Feng, Song He, Huaping Tang, Cai Zhao, Jinfeng Liu, Yao Su, Jiayang Duan, Xue Tian, Yong Yan, Xiaojing Shi and Xueling Bi
Issue: Volume6-Issue12
Pages: 1865-1876
Received: 2025-11-03
Accepted: 2025-12-01
Published: 2025-12-05

Abstract

Objective: Analyze the differences in the detection results of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) serum biomarkers and the expression of APOE and SLCO1B1 genotypes, then construct an AD diagnostic model integrating serum biomarkers with APOE and SLCO1B1 genotypes to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of AD screening.

Methods: Serum samples from 127 participants (41 AD, 39 cognitive impairments, 47 controls) were analyzed for Neurofilament light chain (NF), Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio, p-TAU231, and p-TAU217 via ELISA, combined with APOE/SLCO1B1 genotyping. A nomogram model was constructed using logistic regression and validated by ROC-AUC and Hosmer-Lemeshow tests.

Results: The AD group showed elevated NF (p < 0.01) and p-TAU231 (p < 0.05), reduced Aβ42/Aβ40 (p < 0.05). APOE ∑4 homozygotes exhibited the highest p-TAU181 (p < 0.001), while SLCO1B1*1b/*1b correlated with increased Aβ42 (p < 0.05). The biomarker model achieved AUC = 0.8365, improving to 0.8832 after genetic integration (calibration p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study pioneers an AD diagnostic model combining serum p-TAU231, NF, and SLCO1B1 polymorphisms, surpassing single-marker limitations (AUC > 0.88). It provides a high-accuracy tool for non-invasive screening and genetic stratification, demonstrating substantial clinical potential.

FullText HTML FullText PDF DOI: 10.37871/jbres2234 Crossmark

Certificate of Publication

Certificate of Publication

Copyright

© 2025 Li Z. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Creative CommonsAttribution

How to cite this article

Li Z, Feng Z, He S, Tang H, Zhao C, Liu J, Su Y, Duan J, Tian X, Yan Y, Shi X, Bi X. Integrating Serum Biomarkers and Genetic Polymorphisms for Alzheimer’s disease Risk Screening. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2025 Dec 05; 6(12): 1865-1876. doi: 10.37871/jbres2234, Article ID: JBRES2234, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres2234.pdf

Subject area(s)

AlzheimersNeurologyNeurological Disorders

References

  1. Long S, Benoist C, Weidner W. World Alzheimer report 2023: Reducing dementia risk: never too early, never too late. Alzheimer’s Disease International, London, England. 2023.
  2. Jack CR Jr, Knopman DS, Jagust WJ, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Aisen PS, Shaw LM, Vemuri P, Wiste HJ, Weigand SD, Lesnick TG, Pankratz VS, Donohue MC, Trojanowski JQ. Tracking pathophysiological processes in Alzheimer's disease: an updated hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers. Lancet Neurol. 2013 Feb;12(2):207-16. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70291-0. PMID: 23332364; PMCID: PMC3622225.
  3. Yang W, Wei Z, Wang T. Unraveling the role of LRP1 in Alzheimer’s disease: A focus on Aβ clearance and the liver-brain Axis. J Mol Neurosci. 2025;75(2):43. doi: 10.1007/s12031-025-02339-2.
  4. Horie K, Barthélemy NR, Spina S, VandeVrede L, He Y, Paterson RW, Wright BA, Day GS, Davis AA, Karch CM, Seeley WW, Perrin RJ, Koppisetti RK, Shaikh F, Lago AL, Heuer HW, Ghoshal N, Gabelle A, Miller BL, Boxer AL, Bateman RJ, Sato C. CSF tau microtubule-binding region identifies pathological changes in primary tauopathies. Nat Med. 2022 Dec;28(12):2547-2554. doi: 10.1038/s41591-022-02075-9. Epub 2022 Nov 24. PMID: 36424467; PMCID: PMC9800273.
  5. Khalil M, Teunissen CE, Otto M, Piehl F, Sormani MP, Gattringer T, Barro C, Kappos L, Comabella M, Fazekas F, Petzold A, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Kuhle J. Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurol. 2018 Oct;14(10):577-589. doi: 10.1038/s41582-018-0058-z. PMID: 30171200.
  6. Oh HS, Urey DY, Karlsson L, Zhu Z, Shen Y, Farinas A, Timsina J, Duggan MR, Chen J, Guldner IH, Morshed N, Yang C, Western D, Ali M, Le Guen Y, Trelle A, Herukka SK, Rauramaa T, Hiltunen M, Lipponen A, Luikku AJ, Poston KL, Mormino E, Wagner AD, Wilson EN, Channappa D, Leinonen V, Stevens B, Ehrenberg AJ, Gottesman RF, Coresh J, Walker KA, Zetterberg H, Bennett DA, Franzmeier N, Hansson O, Cruchaga C, Wyss-Coray T. A cerebrospinal fluid synaptic protein biomarker for prediction of cognitive resilience versus decline in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med. 2025 May;31(5):1592-1603. doi: 10.1038/s41591-025-03565-2. Epub 2025 Mar 31. PMID: 40164724; PMCID: PMC12092275.
  7. Wojdała AL, Bellomo G, Gaetani L, Teunissen CE, Parnetti L, Chiasserini D. Immunoassay detection of multiphosphorylated tau proteoforms as cerebrospinal fluid and plasma Alzheimer's disease biomarkers. Nat Commun. 2025 Jan 2;16(1):214. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-54878-8. PMID: 39747866; PMCID: PMC11696609.
  8. Jauregi-Zinkunegi A, Wilson RE, E Langhough R, Ashton NJ, Blennow K, Johnson SC, Zetterberg H, Bruno D, Mueller KD. Associations between the logical memory test story recall metrics and plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in individuals free of dementia. Clin Neuropsychol. 2025 Mar 20:1-20. doi: 10.1080/13854046.2025.2481119. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40114424; PMCID: PMC12353963.
  9. Bellenguez C, Küçükali F, Jansen IE, Kleineidam L, Moreno-Grau S, Amin N, Naj AC, Campos-Martin R, Grenier-Boley B, Andrade V, Holmans PA, Boland A, Damotte V, van der Lee SJ, Costa MR, Kuulasmaa T, Yang Q, de Rojas I, Bis JC, Yaqub A, Prokic I, Chapuis J, Ahmad S, Giedraitis V, Aarsland D, Garcia-Gonzalez P, Abdelnour C, Alarcón-Martín E, Alcolea D, Alegret M, Alvarez I, Álvarez V, Armstrong NJ, Tsolaki A, Antúnez C, Appollonio I, Arcaro M, Archetti S, Pastor AA, Arosio B, Athanasiu L, Bailly H, Banaj N, Baquero M, Barral S, Beiser A, Pastor AB, Below JE, Benchek P, Benussi L, Berr C, Besse C, Bessi V, Binetti G, Bizarro A, Blesa R, Boada M, Boerwinkle E, Borroni B, Boschi S, Bossù P, Bråthen G, Bressler J, Bresner C, Brodaty H, Brookes KJ, Brusco LI, Buiza-Rueda D, Bûrger K, Burholt V, Bush WS, Calero M, Cantwell LB, Chene G, Chung J, Cuccaro ML, Carracedo Á, Cecchetti R, Cervera-Carles L, Charbonnier C, Chen HH, Chillotti C, Ciccone S, Claassen JAHR, Clark C, Conti E, Corma-Gómez A, Costantini E, Custodero C, Daian D, Dalmasso MC, Daniele A, Dardiotis E, Dartigues JF, de Deyn PP, de Paiva Lopes K, de Witte LD, Debette S, Deckert J, Del Ser T, Denning N, DeStefano A, Dichgans M, Diehl-Schmid J, Diez-Fairen M, Rossi PD, Djurovic S, Duron E, Düzel E, Dufouil C, Eiriksdottir G, Engelborghs S, Escott-Price V, Espinosa A, Ewers M, Faber KM, Fabrizio T, Nielsen SF, Fardo DW, Farotti L, Fenoglio C, Fernández-Fuertes M, Ferrari R, Ferreira CB, Ferri E, Fin B, Fischer P, Fladby T, Fließbach K, Fongang B, Fornage M, Fortea J, Foroud TM, Fostinelli S, Fox NC, Franco-Macías E, Bullido MJ, Frank-García A, Froelich L, Fulton-Howard B, Galimberti D, García-Alberca JM, García-González P, Garcia-Madrona S, Garcia-Ribas G, Ghidoni R, Giegling I, Giorgio G, Goate AM, Goldhardt O, Gomez-Fonseca D, González-Pérez A, Graff C, Grande G, Green E, Grimmer T, Grünblatt E, Grunin M, Gudnason V, Guetta-Baranes T, Haapasalo A, Hadjigeorgiou G, Haines JL, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Hampel H, Hanon O, Hardy J, Hartmann AM, Hausner L, Harwood J, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Helisalmi S, Heneka MT, Hernández I, Herrmann MJ, Hoffmann P, Holmes C, Holstege H, Vilas RH, Hulsman M, Humphrey J, Biessels GJ, Jian X, Johansson C, Jun GR, Kastumata Y, Kauwe J, Kehoe PG, Kilander L, Ståhlbom AK, Kivipelto M, Koivisto A, Kornhuber J, Kosmidis MH, Kukull WA, Kuksa PP, Kunkle BW, Kuzma AB, Lage C, Laukka EJ, Launer L, Lauria A, Lee CY, Lehtisalo J, Lerch O, Lleó A, Longstreth W Jr, Lopez O, de Munain AL, Love S, Löwemark M, Luckcuck L, Lunetta KL, Ma Y, Macías J, MacLeod CA, Maier W, Mangialasche F, Spallazzi M, Marquié M, Marshall R, Martin ER, Montes AM, Rodríguez CM, Masullo C, Mayeux R, Mead S, Mecocci P, Medina M, Meggy A, Mehrabian S, Mendoza S, Menéndez-González M, Mir P, Moebus S, Mol M, Molina-Porcel L, Montrreal L, Morelli L, Moreno F, Morgan K, Mosley T, Nöthen MM, Muchnik C, Mukherjee S, Nacmias B, Ngandu T, Nicolas G, Nordestgaard BG, Olaso R, Orellana A, Orsini M, Ortega G, Padovani A, Paolo C, Papenberg G, Parnetti L, Pasquier F, Pastor P, Peloso G, Pérez-Cordón A, Pérez-Tur J, Pericard P, Peters O, Pijnenburg YAL, Pineda JA, Piñol-Ripoll G, Pisanu C, Polak T, Popp J, Posthuma D, Priller J, Puerta R, Quenez O, Quintela I, Thomassen JQ, Rábano A, Rainero I, Rajabli F, Ramakers I, Real LM, Reinders MJT, Reitz C, Reyes-Dumeyer D, Ridge P, Riedel-Heller S, Riederer P, Roberto N, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Rongve A, Allende IR, Rosende-Roca M, Royo JL, Rubino E, Rujescu D, Sáez ME, Sakka P, Saltvedt I, Sanabria Á, Sánchez-Arjona MB, Sanchez-Garcia F, Juan PS, Sánchez-Valle R, Sando SB, Sarnowski C, Satizabal CL, Scamosci M, Scarmeas N, Scarpini E, Scheltens P, Scherbaum N, Scherer M, Schmid M, Schneider A, Schott JM, Selbæk G, Seripa D, Serrano M, Sha J, Shadrin AA, Skrobot O, Slifer S, Snijders GJL, Soininen H, Solfrizzi V, Solomon A, Song Y, Sorbi S, Sotolongo-Grau O, Spalletta G, Spottke A, Squassina A, Stordal E, Tartan JP, Tárraga L, Tesí N, Thalamuthu A, Thomas T, Tosto G, Traykov L, Tremolizzo L, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Uitterlinden A, Ullgren A, Ulstein I, Valero S, Valladares O, Broeckhoven CV, Vance J, Vardarajan BN, van der Lugt A, Dongen JV, van Rooij J, van Swieten J, Vandenberghe R, Verhey F, Vidal JS, Vogelgsang J, Vyhnalek M, Wagner M, Wallon D, Wang LS, Wang R, Weinhold L, Wiltfang J, Windle G, Woods B, Yannakoulia M, Zare H, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Zhu C, Zulaica M; EADB; GR@ACE; DEGESCO; EADI; GERAD; Demgene; FinnGen; ADGC; CHARGE; Farrer LA, Psaty BM, Ghanbari M, Raj T, Sachdev P, Mather K, Jessen F, Ikram MA, de Mendonça A, Hort J, Tsolaki M, Pericak-Vance MA, Amouyel P, Williams J, Frikke-Schmidt R, Clarimon J, Deleuze JF, Rossi G, Seshadri S, Andreassen OA, Ingelsson M, Hiltunen M, Sleegers K, Schellenberg GD, van Duijn CM, Sims R, van der Flier WM, Ruiz A, Ramirez A, Lambert JC. New insights into the genetic etiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Nat Genet. 2022 Apr;54(4):412-436. doi: 10.1038/s41588-022-01024-z. Epub 2022 Apr 4. PMID: 35379992; PMCID: PMC9005347.
  10. Um JW, Kaufman AC, Kostylev M, Heiss JK, Stagi M, Takahashi H, Kerrisk ME, Vortmeyer A, Wisniewski T, Koleske AJ, Gunther EC, Nygaard HB, Strittmatter SM. Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 is a coreceptor for Alzheimer aβ oligomer bound to cellular prion protein. Neuron. 2013 Sep 4;79(5):887-902. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.06.036. Erratum in: Neuron. 2013 Oct 16;80(2):531. PMID: 24012003; PMCID: PMC3768018.
  11. Kunkle BW, Grenier-Boley B, Sims R, Bis JC, Damotte V, Naj AC, Boland A, Vronskaya M, van der Lee SJ, Amlie-Wolf A, Bellenguez C, Frizatti A, Chouraki V, Martin ER, Sleegers K, Badarinarayan N, Jakobsdottir J, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Moreno-Grau S, Olaso R, Raybould R, Chen Y, Kuzma AB, Hiltunen M, Morgan T, Ahmad S, Vardarajan BN, Epelbaum J, Hoffmann P, Boada M, Beecham GW, Garnier JG, Harold D, Fitzpatrick AL, Valladares O, Moutet ML, Gerrish A, Smith AV, Qu L, Bacq D, Denning N, Jian X, Zhao Y, Del Zompo M, Fox NC, Choi SH, Mateo I, Hughes JT, Adams HH, Malamon J, Sanchez-Garcia F, Patel Y, Brody JA, Dombroski BA, Naranjo MCD, Daniilidou M, Eiriksdottir G, Mukherjee S, Wallon D, Uphill J, Aspelund T, Cantwell LB, Garzia F, Galimberti D, Hofer E, Butkiewicz M, Fin B, Scarpini E, Sarnowski C, Bush WS, Meslage S, Kornhuber J, White CC, Song Y, Barber RC, Engelborghs S, Sordon S, Voijnovic D, Adams PM, Vandenberghe R, Mayhaus M, Cupples LA, Albert MS, De Deyn PP, Gu W, Himali JJ, Beekly D, Squassina A, Hartmann AM, Orellana A, Blacker D, Rodriguez-Rodriguez E, Lovestone S, Garcia ME, Doody RS, Munoz-Fernadez C, Sussams R, Lin H, Fairchild TJ, Benito YA, Holmes C, Karamujić-Čomić H, Frosch MP, Thonberg H, Maier W, Roshchupkin G, Ghetti B, Giedraitis V, Kawalia A, Li S, Huebinger RM, Kilander L, Moebus S, Hernández I, Kamboh MI, Brundin R, Turton J, Yang Q, Katz MJ, Concari L, Lord J, Beiser AS, Keene CD, Helisalmi S, Kloszewska I, Kukull WA, Koivisto AM, Lynch A, Tarraga L, Larson EB, Haapasalo A, Lawlor B, Mosley TH, Lipton RB, Solfrizzi V, Gill M, Longstreth WT Jr, Montine TJ, Frisardi V, Diez-Fairen M, Rivadeneira F, Petersen RC, Deramecourt V, Alvarez I, Salani F, Ciaramella A, Boerwinkle E, Reiman EM, Fievet N, Rotter JI, Reisch JS, Hanon O, Cupidi C, Andre Uitterlinden AG, Royall DR, Dufouil C, Maletta RG, de Rojas I, Sano M, Brice A, Cecchetti R, George-Hyslop PS, Ritchie K, Tsolaki M, Tsuang DW, Dubois B, Craig D, Wu CK, Soininen H, Avramidou D, Albin RL, Fratiglioni L, Germanou A, Apostolova LG, Keller L, Koutroumani M, Arnold SE, Panza F, Gkatzima O, Asthana S, Hannequin D, Whitehead P, Atwood CS, Caffarra P, Hampel H, Quintela I, Carracedo Á, Lannfelt L, Rubinsztein DC, Barnes LL, Pasquier F, Frölich L, Barral S, McGuinness B, Beach TG, Johnston JA, Becker JT, Passmore P, Bigio EH, Schott JM, Bird TD, Warren JD, Boeve BF, Lupton MK, Bowen JD, Proitsi P, Boxer A, Powell JF, Burke JR, Kauwe JSK, Burns JM, Mancuso M, Buxbaum JD, Bonuccelli U, Cairns NJ, McQuillin A, Cao C, Livingston G, Carlson CS, Bass NJ, Carlsson CM, Hardy J, Carney RM, Bras J, Carrasquillo MM, Guerreiro R, Allen M, Chui HC, Fisher E, Masullo C, Crocco EA, DeCarli C, Bisceglio G, Dick M, Ma L, Duara R, Graff-Radford NR, Evans DA, Hodges A, Faber KM, Scherer M, Fallon KB, Riemenschneider M, Fardo DW, Heun R, Farlow MR, Kölsch H, Ferris S, Leber M, Foroud TM, Heuser I, Galasko DR, Giegling I, Gearing M, Hüll M, Geschwind DH, Gilbert JR, Morris J, Green RC, Mayo K, Growdon JH, Feulner T, Hamilton RL, Harrell LE, Drichel D, Honig LS, Cushion TD, Huentelman MJ, Hollingworth P, Hulette CM, Hyman BT, Marshall R, Jarvik GP, Meggy A, Abner E, Menzies GE, Jin LW, Leonenko G, Real LM, Jun GR, Baldwin CT, Grozeva D, Karydas A, Russo G, Kaye JA, Kim R, Jessen F, Kowall NW, Vellas B, Kramer JH, Vardy E, LaFerla FM, Jöckel KH, Lah JJ, Dichgans M, Leverenz JB, Mann D, Levey AI, Pickering-Brown S, Lieberman AP, Klopp N, Lunetta KL, Wichmann HE, Lyketsos CG, Morgan K, Marson DC, Brown K, Martiniuk F, Medway C, Mash DC, Nöthen MM, Masliah E, Hooper NM, McCormick WC, Daniele A, McCurry SM, Bayer A, McDavid AN, Gallacher J, McKee AC, van den Bussche H, Mesulam M, Brayne C, Miller BL, Riedel-Heller S, Miller CA, Miller JW, Al-Chalabi A, Morris JC, Shaw CE, Myers AJ, Wiltfang J, O'Bryant S, Olichney JM, Alvarez V, Parisi JE, Singleton AB, Paulson HL, Collinge J, Perry WR, Mead S, Peskind E, Cribbs DH, Rossor M, Pierce A, Ryan NS, Poon WW, Nacmias B, Potter H, Sorbi S, Quinn JF, Sacchinelli E, Raj A, Spalletta G, Raskind M, Caltagirone C, Bossù P, Orfei MD, Reisberg B, Clarke R, Reitz C, Smith AD, Ringman JM, Warden D, Roberson ED, Wilcock G, Rogaeva E, Bruni AC, Rosen HJ, Gallo M, Rosenberg RN, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sager MA, Mecocci P, Saykin AJ, Pastor P, Cuccaro ML, Vance JM, Schneider JA, Schneider LS, Slifer S, Seeley WW, Smith AG, Sonnen JA, Spina S, Stern RA, Swerdlow RH, Tang M, Tanzi RE, Trojanowski JQ, Troncoso JC, Van Deerlin VM, Van Eldik LJ, Vinters HV, Vonsattel JP, Weintraub S, Welsh-Bohmer KA, Wilhelmsen KC, Williamson J, Wingo TS, Woltjer RL, Wright CB, Yu CE, Yu L, Saba Y, Pilotto A, Bullido MJ, Peters O, Crane PK, Bennett D, Bosco P, Coto E, Boccardi V, De Jager PL, Lleo A, Warner N, Lopez OL, Ingelsson M, Deloukas P, Cruchaga C, Graff C, Gwilliam R, Fornage M, Goate AM, Sanchez-Juan P, Kehoe PG, Amin N, Ertekin-Taner N, Berr C, Debette S, Love S, Launer LJ, Younkin SG, Dartigues JF, Corcoran C, Ikram MA, Dickson DW, Nicolas G, Campion D, Tschanz J, Schmidt H, Hakonarson H, Clarimon J, Munger R, Schmidt R, Farrer LA, Van Broeckhoven C, C O'Donovan M, DeStefano AL, Jones L, Haines JL, Deleuze JF, Owen MJ, Gudnason V, Mayeux R, Escott-Price V, Psaty BM, Ramirez A, Wang LS, Ruiz A, van Duijn CM, Holmans PA, Seshadri S, Williams J, Amouyel P, Schellenberg GD, Lambert JC, Pericak-Vance MA; Alzheimer Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC),; European Alzheimer’s Disease Initiative (EADI),; Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology Consortium (CHARGE),; Genetic and Environmental Risk in AD/Defining Genetic, Polygenic and Environmental Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease Consortium (GERAD/PERADES),. Genetic meta-analysis of diagnosed Alzheimer's disease identifies new risk loci and implicates Aβ, tau, immunity and lipid processing. Nat Genet. 2019 Mar;51(3):414-430. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0358-2. Epub 2019 Feb 28. Erratum in: Nat Genet. 2019 Sep;51(9):1423-1424. doi: 10.1038/s41588-019-0495-7. PMID: 30820047; PMCID: PMC6463297.
  12. Kim EW, Kim KY, Kim E; Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Impact of diabetes on the progression of Alzheimer's disease via trajectories of amyloid-tau-neurodegeneration (ATN) biomarkers. J Nutr Health Aging. 2025 Feb;29(2):100444. doi: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100444. Epub 2024 Dec 10. PMID: 39662155; PMCID: PMC12180022.
  13. Wu J, Wang J, Xiao Z, Lu J, Ma X, Zhou X, Wu Y, Liang X, Zheng L, Ding D, Zhang H, Guan Y, Zuo C, Zhao Q; Shanghai Memory Study. Clinical characteristics and biomarker profile in early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease: the Shanghai Memory Study. Brain Commun. 2025 Jan 15;7(1):fcaf015. doi: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaf015. PMID: 39850631; PMCID: PMC11756380.
  14. McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology. 1984 Jul;34(7):939-44. doi: 10.1212/wnl.34.7.939. PMID: 6610841.
  15. Petersen RC, Smith GE, Waring SC, Ivnik RJ, Tangalos EG, Kokmen E. Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Arch Neurol. 1999 Mar;56(3):303-8. doi: 10.1001/archneur.56.3.303. Erratum in: Arch Neurol 1999 Jun;56(6):760. PMID: 10190820.
  16. Parnetti L, Castrioto A, Chiasserini D, Persichetti E, Tambasco N, El-Agnaf O, Calabresi P. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in Parkinson disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2013 Mar;9(3):131-40. doi: 10.1038/nrneurol.2013.10. Epub 2013 Feb 19. PMID: 23419373.
  17. Demiri S, Veltsista D, Siokas V, Spiliopoulos KC, Tsika A, Stamati P, Chroni E, Dardiotis E, Liampas I. Neurofilament Light Chain in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Blood in Multiple System Atrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Brain Sci. 2025 Feb 25;15(3):241. doi: 10.3390/brainsci15030241. PMID: 40149766; PMCID: PMC11940017.
  18. Shin W, Lee EJ, Seo D, Choi BJ, Jang I, Kim JH, Choi L, Kim K, Kim JY, Jung HJ, Lee H, Kim H, Lim YM. Distinct prognostic implications of blood neuronal and astroglial biomarkers in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders versus multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep. 2025 Apr 2;15(1):11326. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-95773-6. PMID: 40175444; PMCID: PMC11965290.
  19. Pilotto A, Quaresima V, Trasciatti C, Tolassi C, Bertoli D, Mordenti C, Galli A, Rizzardi A, Caratozzolo S, Zancanaro A, Contador J, Hansson O, Palmqvist S, De Santis G, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Brugnoni D, Suárez-Calvet M, Ashton NJ, Padovani A. Plasma p-tau217 in Alzheimer's disease: Lumipulse and ALZpath SIMOA head-to-head comparison. Brain. 2025 Feb 3;148(2):408-415. doi: 10.1093/brain/awae368. Erratum in: Brain. 2025 Apr 3;148(4):e29. doi: 10.1093/brain/awaf034. PMID: 39679606; PMCID: PMC11788209.
  20. Li D, Mielke MM. An Update on Blood-Based Markers of Alzheimer's Disease Using the SiMoA Platform. Neurol Ther. 2019 Dec;8(Suppl 2):73-82. doi: 10.1007/s40120-019-00164-5. Epub 2019 Dec 12. PMID: 31833025; PMCID: PMC6908531.
  21. Corder EH, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel DE, Gaskell PC, Small GW, Roses AD, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA. Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science. 1993 Aug 13;261(5123):921-3. doi: 10.1126/science.8346443. PMID: 8346443.
Publish with JBRES — Peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary Open Access with rapid review, DOI, and global visibility.
Double-Blind CrossRef DOI Discoverable
Submit Manuscript Membership