Rosario MF, Di MU, Cerciello A
Volume6-Issue11
Dates: Received: 2025-10-08 | Accepted: 2025-11-07 | Published: 2025-11-08
Pages: 1655-1661
Abstract
The physiological activity of stomach and esophagus is often impaired by the onset of various diseases such as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), esophagitis, hiatal hernia, tertiary esophageal waves, Barrett’s esophagus, achalasia, gastritis, peptic ulcers, esophageal and gastric cancer.
These pathologies present different symptomatology that could be classified as gastro-esophageal and extra gastro-esophageal and the current pharmacological treatments are poor in providing comprehensive therapeutic support with good efficacy and safety.
Refluward® HA is an innovative nutraceutical formulation with two patented technologies named WARDIMIX® and MUCEDIG®. A total of 40 patients suffering of four different conditions correlated with gastro-esophageal area such as gastro-esophageal reflux, reflux esophagitis, hiatal hernia and tertial esophageal waves with both typical and atypical GERD symptomatology were enrolled in the present retrospective clinical survey.
Refluward® HA oral administration after one month reduced the total symptomatology of gastro-esophageal diseases according to two different questionnaire used RSI and GIS score. Moreover, continuing the therapy up to 3 months, a further reduction in the symptomatology was obtained without any side effect or drop out. More consistent randomized and placebo-controlled studies considering also plasmatic or endoscopic data are necessary to confirm Refluward® HA as a novel therapeutic potential treatment for different gastro-esophageal diseases.
FullText HTML
FullText PDF
DOI: 10.37871/jbres2218
Certificate of Publication

Copyright
© 2025 Rosario MF, et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0
How to cite this article
Rosario MF, Di MU, Cerciello A. Refl uward® HA: Effi cacy and Safety in Patients with Gastro- Esophageal Diseases. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2025 Nov 08; 6(11): 1655-1661. doi: 10.37871/jbres2218, Article ID: JBRES2218, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres2218.pdf
Subject area(s)
References
- Greenwood VM, Anthony CJ, David G. Gastrointestinal physiology and function. Gastrointestinal pharmacology. 2017;1-16.
- Richter JE, Rubenstein JH. Presentation and Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology. 2018 Jan;154(2):267-276. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.045. Epub 2017 Aug 3. PMID: 28780072; PMCID: PMC5797499.
- Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Greer KB, Yadlapati R, Spechler SJ. ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Jan 1;117(1):27-56. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001538. PMID: 34807007; PMCID: PMC8754510.
- Hunt RH, Camilleri M, Crowe SE, El-Omar EM, Fox JG, Kuipers EJ, Malfertheiner P, McColl KE, Pritchard DM, Rugge M, Sonnenberg A, Sugano K, Tack J. The stomach in health and disease. Gut. 2015 Oct;64(10):1650-68. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307595. Epub 2015 Sep 4. PMID: 26342014; PMCID: PMC4835810.
- Chen J, Brady P. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Gastroenterol Nurs. 2019 Jan/Feb; 42(1): 20-28. doi: 10.1097/SGA.0000000000000359. PMID: 30688703.
- Michael VF. Extraesophageal manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Clinical cornerstone. 2003;5:32-38.
- Kellerman R, Kintanar T. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Prim Care. 2017 Dec;44(4):561-573. doi: 10.1016/j.pop.2017.07.001. Epub 2017 Oct 5. PMID: 29132520.
- Mousa H, Hassan M. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2017 Jun;64(3):487-505. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2017.01.003. PMID: 28502434; PMCID: PMC6509354.
- Rackoff A, Agrawal A, Hila A, Mainie I, Tutuian R, Castell DO. Histamine-2 receptor antagonists at night improve gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms for patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy. Dis Esophagus. 2005;18(6):370-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2005.00518.x. PMID: 16336606.
- Kahrilas PJ, Kim HC, Pandolfino JE. Approaches to the diagnosis and grading of hiatal hernia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2008;22(4):601-16. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.12.007. PMID: 18656819; PMCID: PMC2548324.
- Richter JE, Rubenstein JH. Presentation and Epidemiology of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Gastroenterology. 2018 Jan;154(2):267-276. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2017.07.045. Epub 2017 Aug 3. PMID: 28780072; PMCID: PMC5797499.
- Patel DA. Esophageal motility disorders: Current approach to diagnostics and therapeutics. Gastroenterology. 2015;162:1617-1634.
- Katz PO, Dunbar KB, Schnoll-Sussman FH, Greer KB, Yadlapati R, Spechler SJ. ACG Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Jan 1;117(1):27-56. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001538. PMID: 34807007; PMCID: PMC8754510.
- Seeras K, Bittar K, Siccardi MA. Nissen fundoplication. 2023.
- Kıraç FS. Is Ethics Approval Necessary for all Trials? A Clear But Not Certain Process. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 2013 Dec;22(3):73-5. doi: 10.4274/Mirt.80664. Epub 2013 Dec 10. PMID: 24416621; PMCID: PMC3888015.
- Nacci A, Bastiani L, Barillari MR, Lechien JR, Martinelli M, Bortoli N, Berrettini S, Fattori B. Assessment and Diagnostic Accuracy Evaluation of the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) Scale: Psychometric Properties using Optimal Scaling Techniques. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2020 Oct;129(10):1020-1029. doi: 10.1177/0003489420930034. Epub 2020 May 29. PMID: 32468832.
- Louis E, Tack J, Vandenhoven G, Taeter C. Evaluation of the GERD Impact Scale, an international, validated patient questionnaire, in daily practice. Results of the ALEGRIA study. Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2009 Jan-Mar;72(1):3-8. PMID: 19402364.
- Romano C, Scarpignato C. Pharmacologic treatment of GERD in adolescents: Is esophageal mucosal protection an option? Therap Adv Gastroenterol. 2022 Aug 17;15:17562848221115319. doi: 10.1177/17562848221115319. PMID: 36004307; PMCID: PMC9393348.
- Camerlingo A, Di MU, Cerciello A. Pain relief effect of Crackdol® fast foam in osteoarticular disorders. J Clin Stud Med Case Rep. 2023;10:2.
- Falvo OF, Di MU, Bagnulo A. Effectiveness and safety of zenasinil® nasal drops in patients with upper airways inflammation. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2025;63:2025.
- Sabha M, Di MU, Bagnulo A. Effect of zenasinil® spray in patient with upper respiratory tract disease. Biomed J Sci Tech Res. 2025;63:2025.
- Triadafilopoulos G, Castillo T. Nonpropulsive esophageal contractions and gastroesophageal reflux. Am J Gastroenterol. 1991 Feb;86(2):153-9. PMID: 1992626.
- Yu HX, Han CS, Xue JR, Han ZF, Xin H. Esophageal hiatal hernia: risk, diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Apr;12(4):319-329. doi: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1441711. Epub 2018 Feb 22. PMID: 29451037.
- Koo TH, Fass R. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: the role of potassium-competitive acid blockers in endoscopy-negative reflux disease. Dig Liver Dis. 2025 Sep;57(9):1752-1760. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2025.04.045. Epub 2025 May 16. PMID: 40382208.
- Dickman R, Maradey-Romero C, Gingold-Belfer R, Fass R. Unmet Needs in the Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015 Jul 30;21(3):309-19. doi: 10.5056/jnm15105. Erratum in: J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2019 Jan 31;25(1):173. doi: 10.5056/jnm25011. PMID: 26130628; PMCID: PMC4496897.






























































