Muhammad Akram, Waill Elkhateeb* and Tiruveedhula Somasekhar
Volume6-Issue1
Dates: Received: 2024-11-28 | Accepted: 2024-12-26 | Published: 2025-01-03
Pages: 012-019
Abstract
Recent medical achievements entered the new healthcare era, accompanying significant advances in the treatment and care of patients. The most groundbreaking achievements among these new tools are artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, and telemedicine-all with a great impact on modern healthcare development. Mushrooms and lichens were described as folk or ancient medicine. Mushrooms and lichens play an important role as a source of many natural classes with varying biological potentials including antiviral, antifungal, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant, anticancer effects and others. Telemedicine, an innovation that has really revolutionized and increased the access of medical services, allows continuous monitoring of patients and remote consultations. This has been proved to reduce travel-related barriers and improve accessibility in areas less privileged or more distant and remote. It provides immediate medical assistance and in relation to this, especially in respect of the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasized the telemedicine aspect improving care delivery even during routine and emergency settings. Using vast amounts of medical data, AI and machine learning have completely flipped diagnosis and treatment planning. Advances in genetics and biotechnology have made it possible for a new way of tailoring medicine to a patient's unique genetic profile, a method that is often called personalized medicine. Overall, all these developments enrich the healthcare landscape, bring it alive, and make it really critical to the patient. It addresses topics such as health inequalities, improves the precision of treatment, and holds some promise toward more critical changes in general health outcomes. Eventually, a combination of telemedicine, artificial intelligence and personalization of medicine redraws the line of health care and makes it more accurate and accessible and individualized. These advances promise more effective and efficient health care by setting new benchmarks for patient care and medical practice.
FullText HTML
FullText PDF
DOI: 10.37871/jbres2051
Certificate of Publication

Copyright
© 2025 Akram M, et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0
How to cite this article
Akram M, Elkhateeb W, Somasekhar T. Mushrooms, Lichens and Allopathic Medicine: Principles and Performs. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2025 Jan 03; 6(1): 012-019. doi: 10.37871/jbres2051, Article ID: JBRES2051, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres2051.pdf
Subject area(s)
References
- Elkhateeb WA, Elnahas MO, Daba GM. Lichentherapy: Highlights on the pharmaceutical potentials of lichens. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021;6(2):1-10. doi: 10.23880/oajmb-16000190.
- Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM, Thomas PW, Wen TC. Medicinal mushrooms as a new source of natural therapeutic bioactive compounds. Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal. 2019;18(2):88-101. doi: 10.4103/epj.epj_17_19.
- Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. Cordyceps more than edible mushroom—a rich source of diverse bioactive metabolites with huge medicinal benefits. Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences. 2022;3(5):566-574. doi: 10.37871/jbres1481.
- Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. Lichens− masters of extraordinary symbiosis with potent pharmaceuticals. Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal. 2020;19(3):197-201. doi: 10.4103/epj.epj_11_20.
- Elkhateeb WA, Daba GM. Occurrence of terpenes, polyketides and tannins in some Japanese lichens and green mosses. Egyptian Pharmaceutical Journal. 2020;19(3):216-223. doi: 10.4103/epj.epj_17_20.
- Elkhateeb W, Thomas P, Elnahas M, Daba G. Hypogeous and epigeous mushrooms in human health. In Advances in Macrofungi. 1st ed. CRC Press; 2021. p.7-19.
- Elkhateeb WA, El-Ghwas, DE, & Daba GM. Mushrooms and lichens the factory of important secondary metabolites. Journal of Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences. 2023;4(6):1072-1082. doi: 10.37871/jbres1770.
- Elkhateeb W, Galappaththi MC, El-Ghwas DE, Daba G. The anti-diabetic potential of mushrooms: A review. Current Trends in Biotechnology and Pharmacy. 2023;17(4):1415-1424. doi: 10.5530/ctbp.2023.4.77.
- Krupinski EA, Weinstein RS. Telemedicine and telehealth: The current state of the art. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare. 2018;24(7):490-496.
- Esteva A, Kuprel B, Novoa RA, Ko J, Swetter SM, Blau HM, Thrun S. Dermatologist-level classification of skin cancer with deep neural networks. Nature. 2017 Feb 2;542(7639):115-118. doi: 10.1038/nature21056. Epub 2017 Jan 25. Erratum in: Nature. 2017 Jun 28;546(7660):686. doi: 10.1038/nature22985. PMID: 28117445; PMCID: PMC8382232.
- Topol EJ. High-performance medicine: the convergence of human and artificial intelligence. Nat Med. 2019 Jan;25(1):44-56. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7. Epub 2019 Jan 7. PMID: 30617339.
- Collins FS, Varmus H. A new initiative on precision medicine. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 26;372(9):793-5. doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1500523. Epub 2015 Jan 30. PMID: 25635347; PMCID: PMC5101938.
- Doudna JA, Charpentier E. The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9. Science. 2014;346(6213). doi: 10.1126/science.1258096.
- Smith AC, Thomas E, Snoswell CL, Haydon H, Mehrotra A, Clemensen J, Caffery LJ. Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Telemed Telecare. 2020 Jun;26(5):309-313. doi: 10.1177/1357633X20916567. Epub 2020 Mar 20. PMID: 32196391; PMCID: PMC7140977.
- Mardis ER. Next-generation DNA sequencing methods. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet. 2008;9:387-402. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genom.9.081307.164359. PMID: 18576944.
- Easton DF, Pharoah PD, Antoniou AC. Gene-panel testing for personalized treatment of hereditary breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;372(23):2220-2227. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1501341.
- Flint J, Mackay TF. Genetic architecture of quantitative traits in mice, flies, and humans. Genome Res. 2009 May;19(5):723-33. doi: 10.1101/gr.086660.108. PMID: 19411597; PMCID: PMC3647534.
- Gibson G, Muse SV. A primer of genome science. 3 rd ed. Sinauer Associates; 2009.
- Cordero F, Kholodov M, Fridman A. Bioinformatics and computational genomics: Current applications and future directions. Genomics. 2014;104(6):417-424.
- Hudson K, Holohan MK, Collins FS. Genomics and the American public: A review of the literature. Journal of Health Communication. 2016;21(9):985-995.
- James C. Global status of commercialized biotech/GM Crops. 2014.
- Baeshen NA, Baeshen MN, Sheikh AA. Cell factories for insulin production: Recent advances and future perspectives. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2014;98(11);4699-4713.
- Packer MS, Antoniewicz MR. Synthetic biology: New engineering rules for designing and building biological systems. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2015;16(5):289-304.
- Kohler G, Milstein C. Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature. 1975:256(5517);495-497. doi: 10.1038/256495a0.
- Mingozzi F, High KA. Therapeutic in vivo gene transfer for genetic disease using AAV: progress and challenges. Nat Rev Genet. 2011 May;12(5):341-55. doi: 10.1038/nrg2988. Erratum in: Nat Rev Genet. 2011 Jul;12(7):515. PMID: 21499295.
- Hood L, Eberwine J, Khosla C. The new era of systems biology. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2012;13(2):135-137.
- Nuffield Council on Bioethics. Emerging biotechnologies: Technology, choice and the public good. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. 2012.
- Reeder SB, Arai AE. MR imaging techniques in clinical practice. Radiology. 2016;279(1):20-29.
- Williams DR, Jackson PB. Social sources of racial disparities in health. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005 Mar-Apr;24(2):325-34. doi: 10.1377/hlthaff.24.2.325. PMID: 15757915.
- Williams DR, Mohammed SA. Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research. J Behav Med. 2009 Feb;32(1):20-47. doi: 10.1007/s10865-008-9185-0. Epub 2008 Nov 22. PMID: 19030981; PMCID: PMC2821669.
- Miller, C.L., Nies, M.A., & Phelan, M.R. (2016). Rural health disparities: Context, concepts, and strategies. Journal of Rural Health, 32(2), 252-261.
- Baker DW, Parker RM, Williams MV, Clark WS. Health literacy and the risk of hospital admission. J Gen Intern Med. 1998 Dec;13(12):791-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00242.x. PMID: 9844076; PMCID: PMC1497036.
- Institute of Medicine (US) Committee on Understanding and Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care. Smedley BD, Stith AY, Nelson AR, editors. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2003. PMID: 25032386.