Raphael Ndahimana*, Nathy Joseph Umutoni, Jean Pierre Nteziryayo, Sage Semafara, Gad Binayisa, Japhet Ishimwe, Samuel Muhirwa, Etienne Ntabanganyimana and Hinda Ruton
Volume4-Issue10
Dates: Received: 2023-10-06 | Accepted: 2023-10-18 | Published: 2023-10-20
Pages: 1425-1434
Abstract
Background: According to the World Health Organization, roughly 16 million teen mothers aged 15 to 19 give birth annually resulting a 44,000 births per day worldwide. Moreover, the vicious cycle of poverty in sub-Saharan Africa is exacerbated by adolescent pregnancy, this also increases maternal, perinatal, and infant mortality hindering SDG goal 5 and target 3 of ending the child marriage of 2030 to be achieved. This study aimed to identify the prevalence, trends, and determinants of teenage pregnancies in Rwanda between 2010 and 2020.
Methods: This study used Rwanda's demographic and health survey data from 2010, 2015, and 2020, and a cross-sectional study design. All data were cleaned and appended to get the final data set for analysis, all analyses were performed using R software package 4.3.1. Moreover, statistical significance was determined at a 5% p-value and 95% Confidence Interval (CI) while not crossing one.
Results: The total number of teenagers between 2010 and 2020 was 9,050 and among them, the prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 6.11% (n = 553/9050). By trend, teenage pregnancy in 2010 was 6.22%, in 2015, 7.30%, and in 2015 5.41% in prevalence. After adjusting the variables in a multivariate logistic regression model, the following were found to be potential predictors of teenage pregnancy in Rwanda: Region by Eastern province (AOR: 1.55:95% CI: 1.078,2.24), lack of education and primary school teens (AOR: 2.9:95% CI: 1.22,6.89) and AOR: 1.67:95% CI: 1.25,2.24)respectively, Poorest households AOR: 2.02:95% CI: 1.27,3.12), those with knowledge of contraceptive methods (AOR: 8.70:95% CI: 3.34,23.01), sexually active unmarried women (AOR: 3.50:95% CI: 1.58,7.78), teens who did not access social media (AOR: 2.03:95% CI: 1.41,2.91), and it was protective against family size.
Conclusion: These results imply that a combination of social, sociodemographic, and knowledge-related factors, as well as awareness of contraceptive techniques, may impact teenage pregnancy in Rwanda. The provision of contraception education and awareness should be the primary goal of efforts to minimize adolescent pregnancies in Rwanda, particularly in areas where the prevalence is higher. In addition, encouraging family planning and tackling economic inequalities can be effective tactics to lower adolescent pregnancy rates.
FullText HTML
FullText PDF
DOI: 10.37871/jbres1813
Certificate of Publication
Copyright
© 2023 Ndahimana R, et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 
How to cite this article
Ndahimana R, Umutoni NJ, Nteziryayo JP, Semafara S, Binayisa G, Ishimwe J, Muhirwa S, Ntabanganyimana E, Ruton H. Prevalence, Trends in and Determinants of Teenage Pregnancies in Rwanda: Analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (2010 to 2020). J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2023 Oct 20; 4(10): 1425-1434. doi: 10.37871/jbres1813, Article ID: JBRES1813, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1813.pdf
Subject area(s)
References
- World Health Organization. World Health Organization. Teenage Pregnancy. 2021.
- Mezmur H, Assefa N, Alemayehu T. Teenage Pregnancy and Its Associated Factors in Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Study. Int J Womens Health. 2021 Feb 26;13:267-278. doi: 10.2147/IJWH.S287715. PMID: 33664597; PMCID: PMC7924244.
- Sedgh G, Finer LB, Bankole A, Eilers MA, Singh S. Adolescent pregnancy, birth, and abortion rates across countries: levels and recent trends. J Adolesc Health. 2015 Feb;56(2):223-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.09.007. PMID: 25620306; PMCID: PMC4852976.
- World Health Organization, World Health Organization. Adolescent Pregnancies. 2022.
- Maharaj NR. Adolescent pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa - a cause for concern. Front Reprod Health. 2022 Dec 2;4:984303. doi: 10.3389/frph.2022.984303. PMID: 36531444; PMCID: PMC9755883.
- Alukagberie ME, Elmusharaf K, Ibra him N, Poix S. Factors associated with adolescent pregnancy and public health interventions to address in Nigeria: a scoping review. Reprod Health. 2023 Jun 24;20(1):95. doi: 10.1186/s12978-023-01629-5. PMID: 37355659; PMCID: PMC10290377.
- Hakizimana D, Logan J, Wong R. Risk factors for pregnancies among females age 15 to 19 in Rwanda: A secondary data analysis of the 2014/2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (RDHS). Journal of Management and Strategy. 2019;10:49. doi: 10.5430/jms.v10n2p49.
- Kassa GM, Arowojolu AO, Odukogbe AA, Yalew AW. Prevalence and determinants of adolescent pregnancy in Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2018 Nov 29;15(1):195. doi: 10.1186/s12978-018-0640-2. PMID: 30497509; PMCID: PMC6267053.
- Uwizeye D, Muhayiteto R, Kantarama E, Wiehler S, Murangwa Y. Prevalence of teenage pregnancy and the associated contextual correlates in Rwanda. Heliyon. 2020;6(10):e05037. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05037.
- Kingston D, Heaman M, Fell D, Chalmers B, Maternity Experiences Study Group of the Canadian Perinatal Surveillance System, Public Health Agency of Canada. Comparison of adolescent, young adult, and adult women’s maternity experiences and practices. Pediatrics. 2012;129: e1228-1237. doi: 10.1542/peds.2011-1447. Cited: in: PMID: 22529278.
- Adolescent Pregnancy UNFPA Rwanda. 2019.
- Wall-Wieler E, Roos LL, Nickel NC. Teenage pregnancy: the impact of maternal adolescent childbearing and older sister's teenage pregnancy on a younger sister. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2016 May 25;16(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s12884-016-0911-2. PMID: 27225972; PMCID: PMC4880827.
- Odimegwu C, Mkwananzi S. Factors Associated with Teen Pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa: A Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study. Afr J Reprod Health. 2016 Sep;20(3):94-107. doi: 10.29063/ajrh2016/v20i3.14. PMID: 29553199.
- Ahinkorah BO, Hagan JE, Seidu A-A, Sambah F, Adoboi F, Schack T, Budu E. Female adolescents’ reproductive health decision-making capacity and contraceptive use in sub-Saharan Africa: What does the future hold? PLoS One. 2020;15: e0235601. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235601. Cited: in:: PMID: 32649697.
- Sychareun V, Vongxay V, Houaboun S, Thammavongsa V, Phummavongsa P, Chaleunvong K, Durham J. Determinants of adolescent pregnancy and access to reproductive and sexual health services for married and unmarried adolescents in rural Lao PDR: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2018 Jun 8;18(1):219. doi: 10.1186/s12884-018-1859-1. PMID: 29884139; PMCID: PMC5994100.
- Francois K. Socio-economic factors associated with teenage pregnancy in Rwanda: A secondary analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey data from 2014-2015.
- Chirwa GC, Mazalale J, Likupe G, Nkhoma D, Chiwaula L, Chintsanya J. An evolution of socioeconomic-related inequality in teenage pregnancy and childbearing in Malawi. PLoS One. 2019;14: e0225374. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225374. Cited: in: : PMID: 31747437
- Neal SE, Chandra-Mouli V, Chou D. Adolescent first births in East Africa: disaggregating characteristics, trends and determinants. Reprod Health. 2015 Feb 19;12:13. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-12-13. PMID: 25971731; PMCID: PMC4429933.
- Africa Development Bank. Analysis of Gender and Youth Employment in Rwanda.
- Christofides NJ, Jewkes RK, Dunkle KL, McCarty F, Shai NJ, Nduna M, Sterk C. Risk factors for unplanned and unwanted teenage pregnancies occurring over two years of follow-up among a cohort of young South African women. Global Health Action. 2014;7:23719. doi: 10.3402/gha.v7.23719. Cited: in: : PMID: 28672659.
- Closson K, Dietrich JJ, Beksinska M, Gibbs A, Hornschuh S, Smith T, Smit J, Gray G, Ndung'u T, Brockman M, Kaida A. Measuring sexual relationship power equity among young women and young men South Africa: Implications for gender-transformative programming. PLoS One. 2019 Sep 25;14(9):e0221554. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221554. PMID: 31553723; PMCID: PMC6760831.
- Neption by adolescents: What progress has been made, what lessons have been learnt, and what are the implications for action? Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2020 Jul;66:107-118. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2020.04.003. Epub 2020 Apr 24. PMID: 32527659; PMCID: PMC7438971.
- Chandra-Mouli V, McCarraher DR, Phillips SJ, Williamson NE, Hainsworth G. Contraception for adolescents in low and middle income countries: needs, barriers, and access. Reprod Health. 2014 Jan 2;11(1):1. doi: 10.1186/1742-4755-11-1. PMID: 24383405; PMCID: PMC3882494.
- Kawuki J, Gatasi G, Sserwanja Q, Mukunya D, Musaba MW. Utilization of modern contraceptives by sexually active adolescent girls in Rwanda: a nationwide cross-sectional study. BMC Womens Health. 2022; 22:369. doi: 10.1186/s12905-022-01956-y. Cited: in:: PMID: 36068524.
- Schwandt H, Boulware A, Corey J, Herrera A, Hudler E, Imbabazi C, King I, Linus J, Manzi I, Merritt M, Mezier L, Miller A, Morris H, Musemakweli D, Musekura U, Mutuyimana D, Ntakarutimana C, Patel N, Scanteianu A, Shemeza BE, Sterling-Donaldson G, Umutoni C, Uwera L, Zeiler M, Feinberg S. "She is courageous because she does not care what people think about her…": attitudes toward adolescent contraception use among Rwandan family planning providers and adult female modern contraceptive users. Reprod Health. 2022 Nov 4;19(1):204. doi: 10.1186/s12978-022-01517-4. PMID: 36333785; PMCID: PMC9636625.
- Ahinkorah BO, Kang M, Perry L, Brooks F, Hayen A. Prevalence of first adolescent pregnancy and its associated factors in sub-Saharan Africa: A multi-country analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Feb 4;16(2):e0246308. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246308. PMID: 33539394; PMCID: PMC7861528.
- Eyeberu A, Getachew T, Sertsu A, Sisay M, Baye Y, Debella A, Alemu A. Teenage pregnancy and its predictors in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2022; 16:47–60. Cited: in: PMID: 36475034.
- Ikamari L, Towett R. Sexual initiation and contraceptive use among female adolescents in Kenya. African Journal of Health Sciences. 2008;14. doi: 10.4314/ajhs.v14i1.30841.
- Adeneye A. Factors associated with unplanned pregnancy among unmarried adolescents in selected communities of Ogun state, Nigeria. Arch Prev Med. 2017;2:001-009. doi: 10.17352/apm.000005.
