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Diversity of Non-Influenza Respiratory Viruses Associated with Influenza-Like Illness during 2009 pre and pandemic periods in Sao Paulo, Brazil, a Historical Overview

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Article Type Review Article
Subject Biology Group
OCLC JBRES Record
Renato de Sousa Paulino, Daniela Bernardes Borges da Silva, Katia Correa de Oliveira Santos, Margarete Aparecida Benega and Terezinha Maria de Paiva*
Issue: Volume4-Issue10
Pages: 1394-1404
Received: 2023-09-16
Accepted: 2023-10-10
Published: 2023-10-11

Abstract

Background and objective: During the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, 60% of the respiratory specimens collected from patients under surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) in São Paulo, Brazil, tested negative for influenza A and B by Real-Time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays. In this retrospective study, we identified the diversity of other respiratory viruses associated with ILI during the pandemic period and added the benefit of RT-qPCR for their detection.

Methods: Five-hundred and forty-two influenza RT-qPCR negative respiratory specimens from ILI patients collected from Jan - Dec 2009, that also tested negative by a commercial Indirect Immuno Fluorescence (IIF) assay for the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Parainfluenza (PIV) PIV1, PIV2, PIV 3 and Adenovirus (AdV) were retested by a panel of RT-qPCR assays for the other respiratory viruses, including RSV, Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), PIV 1-4, AdV, Human Coronaviruses (HCoV) OC43, 229E, NL63 and HKU1, Rhinovirus (RV), Enterovirus (EV) and Human Bocavirus (HBoV).

Results: Of the 542 negative specimens, 428 (78%) were positive by RT-qPCR for another respiratory virus: In descending order: RV (149, 27%); RSV (41, 8%); AdV (32, 6%); HMPV (29, 5%); PIV3 (19, 4%); PIV1 (3, 1%); HCoV-OC43 (9, 2%); HBoV (9, 2%); PIV4 (6, 1%); HCoV-HKU1 (6, 1%); EV (5, 1%); HCoV-229E 4 (4, 1%); HCoV-NL63 (3, 1%). Co-detections of two viruses (98, 18%) and three viruses (12, 2%) were common.

Conclusion: This retrospective study revealed a high prevalence of respiratory viruses other than influenza associated with ILI during the pandemic period and highlights the superiority of RT-qPCR over IIF for ILI surveillance.

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© 2023 de Sousa Paulino R, et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Creative CommonsAttribution

How to cite this article

de Sousa Paulino R, da Silva DBB, de Oliveira Santos KC, Benega MA, de Paiva TM. Diversity of Non-Infl uenza Respiratory Viruses Associated with Infl uenza-Like Illness during 2009 pre and pandemic periods in São Paulo, Brazil, a Historical Overview. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2023 Oct 11; 4(10): 1394-1404. doi: 10.37871/jbres1809, Article ID: JBRES1809, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1809.pdf

Subject area(s)

Virology

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