Thyyar M Ravindranath*
Volume4-Issue9
Dates: Received: 2023-08-29 | Accepted: 2023-09-19 | Published: 2023-09-20
Pages: 1341-1345
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (COVID-19) was a devastating worldwide pandemic which affected multiple organs, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity. A hallmark of COVID-19 is the ability to mutate and infect efficiently as well as to spread widely among various age groups with special focus on the elderly and those with comorbid conditions. The advent of mRNA vaccine in a short period of time helped to mitigate hospitalization and mortality. This article will focus on the cardiovascular complications of COVID-19 and the treatment options. Also, the phenomenon of long COVID is discussed.
FullText HTML
FullText PDF
DOI: 10.37871/jbres1802
Certificate of Publication
Copyright
© 2023 Ravindranath TM. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 
How to cite this article
Ravindranath TM. Cardiovascular Complications of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Adults. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2023 Sep 20; 4(9): 1341-1345. doi: 10.37871/jbres1802, Article ID: JBRES1802, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/ jbres1802.pdf
Subject area(s)
References
- University JH. Cardiac Global map in COVID-19 dashboard by the CSSE at JHU COVID-19 Resource center.
- Cheng S, Zhao Y, Wang F, Chen Y, Kaminga AC, Xu H. Comorbidities’ potential impacts on severe and non-severe patients with COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021;100:e24971. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000024971. PMID: 33761654; PMCID: PMC9281964.
- Dy LF, Lintao RCV, Cordero CP, Cabaluna ITG, Dans LF. Prevalence and prognostic associations of cardiac abnormalities among hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 19;11(1):8449. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-87961-x. PMID: 33875742; PMCID: PMC8055982.
- Ragab D, Salah Eldin H, Taeimah M, Khattab R, Salem R. The COVID-19 cytokine storm; what we know so far. Front Immunol. 2020 Jun 16;11:1446. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01446. PMID: 32612617; PMCID: PMC7308649.
- Shah RM, Shah M, Shah S, Li A, Jauhar S. Takotsubo syndrome and COVID-19: associations and implications. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2021 Mar;46(3):100763. doi: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100763. Epub 2020 Dec 11. PMID: 33360674; PMCID: PMC7732220.
- Zamorano Cuervo N, Grandvaux N. ACE2: Evidence of role as entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and implications in comorbidities. Elife. 2020 Nov 9;9:e61390. doi: 10.7554/eLife.61390. PMID: 33164751; PMCID: PMC7652413.
- Garcia-Zamora S, Lee S, Haseeb S, et al. Arrhythmias and electrocardiographic findings in Coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2021 Jun;44(6):1062-1074. doi: 10.1111/pace.14247. Epub 2021 May 18. PMID: 33890684; PMCID: PMC8250376.
- Pranata R, Huang I, Raharjo SB. Incidence and impact of cardiac arrhythmias in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J. 2020 Sep-Oct;20(5):193-198. doi: 10.1016/j.ipej.2020.08.001. Epub 2020 Aug 16. PMID: 32814094; PMCID: PMC7428753.
- Sawalha K, Abozenah M, Kadado AJ, Battisha A, Al-Akchar M, Salerno C, Hernandez-Montfort J, Islam AM. Systematic Review of COVID-19 Related Myocarditis: Insights on Management and Outcome. Cardiovasc Revasc Med. 2021 Feb;23:107-113. doi: 10.1016/j.carrev.2020.08.028. Epub 2020 Aug 18. PMID: 32847728; PMCID: PMC7434380.
- Sanchez Tijmes F, Thavendiranathan P, Udell JA, Seidman MA, Hanneman K. Cardiac MRI Assessment of Nonischemic Myocardial Inflammation: State of the Art Review and Update on Myocarditis Associated with COVID-19 Vaccination. Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging. 2021 Nov 18;3(6):e210252. doi: 10.1148/ryct.210252. PMID: 34934954; PMCID: PMC8686006.
- Agewall S, Giannitsis E, Jernberg T, Katus H. Troponin elevation in coronary vs. non-coronary disease. Eur Heart J. 2011 Feb;32(4):404-11. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq456. Epub 2010 Dec 18. PMID: 21169615.
- Szerlip M, Anwaruddin S, Aronow HD, Cohen MG, Daniels MJ, Dehghani P, Drachman DE, Elmariah S, Feldman DN, Garcia S, Giri J, Kaul P, Kapur NK, Kumbhani DJ, Meraj PM, Morray B, Nayak KR, Parikh SA, Sakhuja R, Schussler JM, Seto A, Shah B, Swaminathan RV, Zidar DA, Naidu SS. Considerations for cardiac catheterization laboratory procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic perspectives from the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions Emerging Leader Mentorship (SCAI ELM) Members and Graduates. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020 Sep 1;96(3):586-597. doi: 10.1002/ccd.28887. Epub 2020 Apr 21. PMID: 32212409.
- Welt FGP, Shah PB, Aronow HD, Bortnick AE, Henry TD, Sherwood MW, Young MN, Davidson LJ, Kadavath S, Mahmud E, Kirtane AJ; American College of Cardiology’s Interventional Council and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Catheterization Laboratory Considerations During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic: From the ACC's Interventional Council and SCAI. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 May 12;75(18):2372-2375. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.03.021. Epub 2020 Mar 19. PMID: 32199938; PMCID: PMC7270593.
- Bader F, Manla Y, Atallah B, Starling RC. Heart failure and COVID-19. Heart Fail Rev. 2021 Jan;26(1):1-10. doi: 10.1007/s10741-020-10008-2. PMID: 32720082; PMCID: PMC7383122.
- Cassidy SS, Mitchell JH. Effects of positive pressure breathing on right and left ventricular preload and afterload. Fed Proc. 1981 Jun;40(8):2178-81. PMID: 7016594.
- Giustino G, Croft LB, Oates CP, Rahman K, Lerakis S, Reddy VY, Goldman M. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in COVID-19. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Aug 4;76(5):628-629. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.05.068. Epub 2020 Jun 8. PMID: 32517962; PMCID: PMC7279731.
- Akinrinmade AO, Obitulata-Ugwu VO, Obijiofor NB, Victor F, Chive M, Marwizi FM, Odion-Omonhimin LO, Obasi NB. COVID-19 and Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Literature Review. Cureus. 2022 Sep 29;14(9):e29747. doi: 10.7759/cureus.29747. PMID: 36324350; PMCID: PMC9617587.
- Klok FA, Kruip MJHA, van der Meer NJM, Arbous MS, Gommers DAMPJ, Kant KM, Kaptein FHJ, van Paassen J, Stals MAM, Huisman MV, Endeman H. Incidence of thrombotic complications in critically ill ICU patients with COVID-19. Thromb Res. 2020 Jul;191:145-147. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2020.04.013. Epub 2020 Apr 10. PMID: 32291094; PMCID: PMC7146714.
- Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Apr;18(4):844-847. doi: 10.1111/jth.14768. Epub 2020 Mar 13. PMID: 32073213; PMCID: PMC7166509.
- Saleh M, Gabriels J, Chang D, Soo Kim B, Mansoor A, Mahmood E, Makker P, Ismail H, Goldner B, Willner J, Beldner S, Mitra R, John R, Chinitz J, Skipitaris N, Mountantonakis S, Epstein LM. Effect of Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin on the Corrected QT Interval in Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2020 Jun;13(6):e008662. doi: 10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008662. Epub 2020 Apr 29. PMID: 32347743; PMCID: PMC7299095.
- Beigel JH, Tomashek KM, Dodd LE, Mehta AK, Zingman BS, Kalil AC, Hohmann E, Chu HY, Luetkemeyer A, Kline S, Lopez de Castilla D, Finberg RW, Dierberg K, Tapson V, Hsieh L, Patterson TF, Paredes R, Sweeney DA, Short WR, Touloumi G, Lye DC, Ohmagari N, Oh MD, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Benfield T, Fätkenheuer G, Kortepeter MG, Atmar RL, Creech CB, Lundgren J, Babiker AG, Pett S, Neaton JD, Burgess TH, Bonnett T, Green M, Makowski M, Osinusi A, Nayak S, Lane HC; ACTT-1 Study Group Members. Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Final Report. N Engl J Med. 2020 Nov 5;383(19):1813-1826. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2007764. Epub 2020 Oct 8. PMID: 32445440; PMCID: PMC7262788.
- Paxlovid for treatment of COVID-19. Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2022 Jan 24;64(1642):9-10. PMID: 35134040.
- Fischer WA 2nd, Eron JJ Jr, Holman W, Cohen MS, Fang L, Szewczyk LJ, Sheahan TP, Baric R, Mollan KR, Wolfe CR, Duke ER, Azizad MM, Borroto-Esoda K, Wohl DA, Coombs RW, James Loftis A, Alabanza P, Lipansky F, Painter WP. A phase 2a clinical trial of molnupiravir in patients with COVID-19 shows accelerated SARS-CoV-2 RNA clearance and elimination of infectious virus. Sci Transl Med. 2022 Jan 19;14(628):eabl7430. doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl7430. Epub 2022 Jan 19. PMID: 34941423.
- Ahmed MH, Hassan A. Dexamethasone for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): a Review. SN Compr Clin Med. 2020;2(12):2637-2646. doi: 10.1007/s42399-020-00610-8. Epub 2020 Oct 31. PMID: 33163859; PMCID: PMC7599121.
- Lan SH, Lai CC, Huang HT, Chang SP, Lu LC, Hsueh PR. Tocilizumab for severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020 Sep;56(3):106103. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106103. Epub 2020 Jul 23. PMID: 32712333; PMCID: PMC7377685.
- Kalil AC, Patterson TF, Mehta AK, Tomashek KM, Wolfe CR, Ghazaryan V, Marconi VC, Ruiz-Palacios GM, Hsieh L, Kline S, Tapson V, Iovine NM, Jain MK, Sweeney DA, El Sahly HM, Branche AR, Regalado Pineda J, Lye DC, Sandkovsky U, Luetkemeyer AF, Cohen SH, Finberg RW, Jackson PEH, Taiwo B, Paules CI, Arguinchona H, Erdmann N, Ahuja N, Frank M, Oh MD, Kim ES, Tan SY, Mularski RA, Nielsen H, Ponce PO, Taylor BS, Larson L, Rouphael NG, Saklawi Y, Cantos VD, Ko ER, Engemann JJ, Amin AN, Watanabe M, Billings J, Elie MC, Davey RT, Burgess TH, Ferreira J, Green M, Makowski M, Cardoso A, de Bono S, Bonnett T, Proschan M, Deye GA, Dempsey W, Nayak SU, Dodd LE, Beigel JH; ACTT-2 Study Group Members. Baricitinib plus Remdesivir for Hospitalized Adults with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):795-807. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2031994. Epub 2020 Dec 11. PMID: 33306283.
- Das BB, Moskowitz WB, Taylor MB, Palmer A. Myocarditis and Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: What Do We Know So Far? Children (Basel). 2021 Jul 18;8(7):607. doi: 10.3390/children8070607. PMID: 34356586; PMCID: PMC8305058.
- Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, Topol EJ. Author Correction: Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Jun;21(6):408. doi: 10.1038/s41579-023-00896-0. Erratum for: Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023 Mar;21(3):133-146. PMID: 37069455; PMCID: PMC10408714.
