Seyed Parsa Mousavi, Mohammad Mahdi Ramzanipour and Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah*
Volume4-Issue4
Dates: Received: 2023-04-07 | Accepted: 2023-04-14 | Published: 2023-04-15
Pages: 714-718
Abstract
European Otter (Lutra lutra), is an aquatic and semi-aquatic animal from the carnivores and sub-family from Lutrinae of the Mustelidea family that lives alongside rivers and wetlands. Lutra lutra is an indicator species, and its loss somehow threatens human life, because one species is the head of the food chain and its loss is a sign of environmental degradation of other species. It has good distribution in Iran and the world, including Eurasia and North Africa. Lutra lutra has appearance characteristics such as a large body, cylindrical shape, a wide snout with long and thick mustaches, small ears and eyes, the tail is long and tubular, which at the base becomes wide and thick, the hands and feet are short and there is a curtain among the fingers, the hair is soft and dense, brown to brownish, under the chin and white throat. In recent years, widespread deaths have occurred in several aquatic mammal populations, which has reduced the population of Lutra lutra compared to the past. Due to various reasons such as loss of prey, indiscriminate hunting, contamination caused by agricultural pesticides, especially chlorine toxins, industrial pollution, and floods, its population is rapidly declining and has been totally destroyed in some areas.
FullText HTML
FullText PDF
DOI: 10.37871/jbres1728
Certificate of Publication
Copyright
© 2023 Mousavi SP, et al.. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 
How to cite this article
Mousavi SP, Ramzanipour MM, Vajargah MF. An Overview on Lutra lutra. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2023 Apr 15; 4(4): 714-718. doi: 10.37871/jbres1728, Article ID: JBRES1728, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1728.pdf
Subject area(s)
References
- Noda K, Ichihashi H, Loughlin TR, Baba N, Kiyota M, Tatsukawa R. Distribution of heavy metals in muscle, liver and kidney of northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) caught off Sanriku, Japan and from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska. Environ Pollut. 1995;90(1):51-9. doi: 10.1016/0269-7491(94)00089-v. PMID: 15091500.
- Ross P, De Swart R, Addison R, Van Loveren H, Vos J, Osterhaus A. Contaminant-induced immunotoxicity in harbour seals: wildlife at risk? Toxicology. 1996 Aug 16;112(2):157-69. doi: 10.1016/0300-483x(96)03396-3. PMID: 8814345.
- Vajargah MF, Hossaini SA, Niazie EHN, Hedayati A, Vesaghi MJ. Acute toxicity of two pesticides diazinon and deltamethrin on tench (Tinca tinca) larvae and fingerling. International Journal of Aquatic Biology. 2013;1(3):138-142. doi: 10.22034/ijab.v1i3.64.
- Miyazaki N. A review of studies on the ringed, Caspian, and Baikal seals (Pusa hispida, P. caspica, and P. sibirica). Otsuchi Mar Sci. 2001;26:1-6.
- Vajargah MF, Yalsuyi AM, Hedayati A. Acute toxicity of povidone-iodine (Betadine) in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L. 1758). Pollution. 2017;3(4):589-593. doi: 10.22059/POLL.2017.62775.
- Sattari M, Bibak M, Bakhshalizadeh S, Vajargah MF. Element accumulations in liver and kidney tissues of some bony fish species in the Southwest Caspian Sea. Journal of Cell and Molecular Research. 2020;12(1):33-40. doi: 10.22067/jcmr.v12i1.85975.
- Sattari M, Bibak M, Vajargah MF, Faggio C. Trace and major elements in muscle and liver tissues of Alosa braschnikowy from the South Caspian Sea and potential human health risk assessment. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science. 2020;11(7):1129-1140.
- Vajargah MF, Hedayati A. Acute toxicity of butachlor to Rutilus caspicus and Sander lucioperca in vivo condition. Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research. 2017;19(3):85-92. doi: 10.1515/trser-2017-0023.
- Vajargah MF, Yalsuyi AM, Hedayati A. Effects of dietary kemin multi-enzyme on survival rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) exposed to abamectin. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences. 2018;17(3):564-572. doi: 10.22092/IJFS.2018.116494.
- Hajiahmadian M, Vajargah MF, Farsani HG, Chorchi MM. Effect of Spirulina platensis meal as feed additive on growth performance and survival rate in golden barb fish, Punius gelius (Hamilton, 1822). Journal of Fisheries International. 2012;7(3):61-64.
- Vajargah MF, Hedayati A. Acute toxicity of trichlorofon on four viviparous fish: Poecilia latipinna, Poecilia reticulata, Gambusia holbrooki and Xiphophorus helleri (Cyprinodontiformes: Poeciliidae). Journal of Coastal Life Medicine. 2014;2(7):511-514. doi: 10.12980/JCLM.2.2014J11.
- Sattari M, Namin JI, Bibak M, Vajargah MF, Hedayati A, Khosravi A, Mazareiy MH. Morphological comparison of western and eastern populations of Caspian kutum, Rutilus kutum (Kamensky, 1901) (Cyprinidae) in the Southern Caspian Sea. International Journal of Aquatic Biology. 2018;6(4):242-247. doi: 10.22034/ijab.v6i4.529.
- Vajargah MF, Hedayati A. Toxicity effects of cadmium in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and big head carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Transylvanian Review of Systematical and Ecological Research. 2017;19(1):43-48. doi: 10.1515/trser-2017-0004.
- Chorehi MM, Ghaffari H, Hossaini SA, Niazie EHN, Vajargah MF, Hedayati A. Acute toxicity of diazinon to the Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba persa (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae). International Journal of Aquatic Biology. 2013;1(6): 254-257. doi: 10.22034/ijab.v1i6.140.
- Vajargah MF, Hossaini SA, Hedayati A. Acute toxicity test of two pesticides diazinon and deltamethrin on spirlin (Alburnoides bipunctatus) larvae and fingerling. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences. 2013;5(6):106-110. doi: 10.5897/JTEHS2013.0270.
- Roos A, Loy A, Savage M, Kranz A. Lutra lutra. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-3.RLTS.T12419A164578163.en.
- Aidek A, Baddour FS, Ibrahim NN, Al-Sheikhly OF. The first photographic records of the eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Syria: Its mysterious occurrence is revealed. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin. 2021;38(5):258-266.
- Shrestha MB, Shrestha G, Reule S, Oli S, Ghartimagar TB, Singh G, Tripathi DM, Law CJ, Shah KB, Savage M. First evidence of eurasian otter in Nepal in three decades. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin. 2021;38:(5):279-291.
- Joshi AS, Tumsare VM, Nagar AK, Mishra AK, Pariwakam MP. Photographic records of Eurasian otter Lutra lutra from the Central Indian landscape. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin. 2016;33(1):73-78.
- Sun CH, Hee CK, Don LS, Seuk PY. Characterizing habitat preference of Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra) in streams using a self-organizing map. Limnology. 2009;10(3):203. doi: 10.1007/s10201-009-0275-7.
