Review: The Commonality of Energy Metabolism of Starvation, Disorders of Glucose-Lipid Metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus and Cachexia

Shaoqing Lai*

Shaoqing Lai*

Volume3-Issue5
Dates: Received: 2022-05-05 | Accepted: 2022-05-17 | Published: 2022-05-18
Pages: 552-555

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus, pathoglycemia, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver, overweight, hypertension, and atherosclerosis are common diseases endangering human health. Cachexia is a life-threatening disease condition. Cachexia is associated with increased mortality. Cancer patients with cachexia are less tolerant and have a decreased response to chemotherapy and radiation. Do these diseases have a common pathogenesis? We will discuss the commonality of energy metabolism in starvation, disorders of glucose-lipid metabolism, diabetes mellitus and cachexia, and how the stress response alters the pattern of energy metabolism.

FullText HTML FullText PDF DOI: 10.37871/jbres1478

Certificate of Publication

Copyright

How to cite this article

Lai S. Review: The Commonality of Energy Metabolism of Starvation, Disorders of Glucose-Lipid Metabolism, Diabetes Mellitus and Cachexia. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2022 May 18; 3(5): 552-555. doi: 10.37871/jbres1478, Article ID: JBRES1478, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1478.pdf

Subject area(s)

Metabolic Syndromes

Metabolism

Diabetes

References

BELL ET. Carcinoma of the pancreas. I. A clinical and pathologic study of 609 necropsied cases. II. The relation of carcinoma of the pancreas to diabetes mellitus. Am J Pathol. 1957 May-Jun;33(3):499-523. PMID: 13424657; PMCID: PMC1934687.
Bennani-Baiti N, Walsh D. What is cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome? A historical perspective. J R Coll Physicians Edinb. 2009 Sep;39(3):257-62. PMID: 20608345.
Roeland EJ, Bohlke K, Baracos VE, Bruera E, Del Fabbro E, Dixon S, Fallon M, Herrstedt J, Lau H, Platek M, Rugo HS, Schnipper HH, Smith TJ, Tan W, Loprinzi CL. Management of Cancer Cachexia: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Jul 20;38(21):2438-2453. doi: 10.1200/JCO.20.00611. Epub 2020 May 20. PMID: 32432946.
Farkas J, von Haehling S, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Morley JE, Anker SD, Lainscak M. Cachexia as a major public health problem: frequent, costly, and deadly. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2013 Sep;4(3):173-8. doi: 10.1007/s13539-013-0105-y. Epub 2013 Mar 29. PMID: 23539127; PMCID: PMC3774921.
Fearon KC, Baracos VE. Cachexia in pancreatic cancer: new treatment options and measures of success. HPB (Oxford). 2010 Jun;12(5):323-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2010.00178.x. PMID: 20590907; PMCID: PMC2951820.
Fearon K, Strasser F, Anker SD, Bosaeus I, Bruera E, Fainsinger RL, Jatoi A, Loprinzi C, MacDonald N, Mantovani G, Davis M, Muscaritoli M, Ottery F, Radbruch L, Ravasco P, Walsh D, Wilcock A, Kaasa S, Baracos VE. Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus. Lancet Oncol. 2011 May;12(5):489-95. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70218-7. Epub 2011 Feb 4. PMID: 21296615.
Vigano AAL, Morais JA, Ciutto L, Rosenthall L, di Tomasso J, Khan S, Olders H, Borod M, Kilgour RD. Use of routinely available clinical, nutritional, and functional criteria to classify cachexia in advanced cancer patients. Clin Nutr. 2017 Oct;36(5):1378-1390. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.09.008. Epub 2016 Sep 20. PMID: 27793524.
Waterlow JC, Prorein-energy malnutrition [M]. 2nd ed London Edward Arnold. 1992:96-97.
Young VR, Marchini JS, Cortiella J. Assessment of protein nutritional status. J Nutr. 1990 Nov;120 Suppl 11:1496-502. doi: 10.1093/jn/120.suppl_11.1496. PMID: 2243295.
Abumrad NN, Yazigi N, Cersosimo E, Hourani H, Gedde S, Bulus N, Williams P. Glutamine metabolism during starvation. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1990 Jul-Aug;14(4 Suppl):71S-76S. doi: 10.1177/014860719001400408. PMID: 2402056.
Espat JN, Copeland EM, Souba WW, Influence of fasting on glutamine transport in rat liver [J] JPEN. 1993;17(6):493-500. https://bit.ly/3MoMi5Q
Ye DW, Rong XL, Xu AM, Guo J. Liver-adipose tissue crosstalk: A key player in the pathogenesis of glucolipid metabolic disease. Chin J Integr Med. 2017 Jun;23(6):410-414. doi: 10.1007/s11655-017-2810-4. Epub 2017 Aug 10. PMID: 28795382.
Barton JC, Barton JC, Adams PC, Acton RT. Risk Factors for Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Diabetes in 248 HFE C282Y Homozygotes Identified by Population Screening in the HEIRS Study. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2016 Mar;14(2):94-101. doi: 10.1089/met.2015.0123. Epub 2016 Jan 15. PMID: 26771691; PMCID: PMC4955606.
Tan C, Sasagawa Y, Mori M. The association between insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and ischemic heart disease among Rumoi residents. J Gen Fam Med. 2017 Jun 15;18(6):360-364. doi: 10.1002/jgf2.94. PMID: 29264065; PMCID: PMC5729322.
Brown AE, Walker M. Genetics of Insulin Resistance and the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016 Aug;18(8):75. doi: 10.1007/s11886-016-0755-4. PMID: 27312935; PMCID: PMC4911377.
Zhang N, Zhang N, Song L, Xie H, Zhao C, Li S, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Gao C, Xu G. Adipokines and free fatty acids regulate insulin sensitivity by increasing microRNA-21 expression in human mature adipocytes. Mol Med Rep. 2017 Aug;16(2):2254-2258. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6769. Epub 2017 Jun 14. PMID: 28627656.
Li YX, Han TT, Liu Y, Zheng S, Zhang Y, Liu W, Hu YM. Insulin resistance caused by lipotoxicity is related to oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in LPL gene knockout heterozygous mice. Atherosclerosis. 2015 Mar;239(1):276-82. doi: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.01.020. Epub 2015 Jan 23. PMID: 25635326.
Laakso M, Edelman SV, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Decreased effect of insulin to stimulate skeletal muscle blood flow in obese man. A novel mechanism for insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jun;85(6):1844-52. doi: 10.1172/JCI114644. PMID: 2189893; PMCID: PMC296649.
Laakso M, Edelman SV, Brechtel G, Baron AD. Impaired insulin-mediated skeletal muscle blood flow in patients with NIDDM. Diabetes. 1992 Sep;41(9):1076-83. doi: 10.2337/diab.41.9.1076. PMID: 1499861.
Strazzullo P, Barbato A, Galletti F, Barba G, Siani A, Iacone R, D'Elia L, Russo O, Versiero M, Farinaro E, Cappuccio FP. Abnormalities of renal sodium handling in the metabolic syndrome. Results of the Olivetti Heart Study. J Hypertens. 2006 Aug;24(8):1633-9. doi: 10.1097/01.hjh.0000239300.48130.07. PMID: 16877967.
Tuck ML, Bounoua F, Eslami P, Nyby MD, Eggena P, Corry DB. Insulin stimulates endogenous angiotensin II production via a mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells. J Hypertens. 2004 Sep;22(9):1779-85. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200409000-00023. PMID: 15311107.
Odegaard JI, Chawla A. Pleiotropic actions of insulin resistance and inflammation in metabolic homeostasis. Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):172-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1230721. PMID: 23307735; PMCID: PMC3725457.
Geijselaers SLC, Sep SJS, Claessens D, Schram MT, van Boxtel MPJ, Henry RMA, Verhey FRJ, Kroon AA, Dagnelie PC, Schalkwijk CG, van der Kallen CJH, Biessels GJ, Stehouwer CDA. The Role of Hyperglycemia, Insulin Resistance, and Blood Pressure in Diabetes-Associated Differences in Cognitive Performance-The Maastricht Study. Diabetes Care. 2017 Nov;40(11):1537-1547. doi: 10.2337/dc17-0330. Epub 2017 Aug 25. PMID: 28842522.
Argilés JM, Busquets S, Stemmler B, López-Soriano FJ. Cancer cachexia: understanding the molecular basis. Nat Rev Cancer. 2014 Nov;14(11):754-62. doi: 10.1038/nrc3829. Epub 2014 Oct 9. PMID: 25291291.
Zagzag J, Hu MI, Fisher SB, Perrier ND. Hypercalcemia and cancer: Differential diagnosis and treatment. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Sep;68(5):377-386. doi: 10.3322/caac.21489. Epub 2018 Sep 21. PMID: 30240520.
Evans WJ, Morley JE, Argilés J, Bales C, Baracos V, Guttridge D, Jatoi A, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lochs H, Mantovani G, Marks D, Mitch WE, Muscaritoli M, Najand A, Ponikowski P, Rossi Fanelli F, Schambelan M, Schols A, Schuster M, Thomas D, Wolfe R, Anker SD. Cachexia: a new definition. Clin Nutr. 2008 Dec;27(6):793-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2008.06.013. Epub 2008 Aug 21. PMID: 18718696.
Brooks SL, Neville AM, Rothwell NJ, Stock MJ, Wilson S. Sympathetic activation of brown-adipose-tissue thermogenesis in cachexia. Biosci Rep. 1981 Jun;1(6):509-17. doi: 10.1007/BF01121584. PMID: 7295902.
Shellock FG, Riedinger MS, Fishbein MC. Brown adipose tissue in cancer patients: possible cause of cancer-induced cachexia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 1986;111(1):82-5. doi: 10.1007/BF00402783. PMID: 3949854.
Soeters MR, Soeters PB. The evolutionary benefit of insulin resistance. Clin Nutr. 2012 Dec;31(6):1002-7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.05.011. Epub 2012 Jun 7. PMID: 22682085.
Welty FK, Alfaddagh A, Elajami TK. Targeting inflammation in metabolic syndrome. Transl Res. 2016 Jan;167(1):257-80. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.06.017. Epub 2015 Jul 3. PMID: 26207884; PMCID: PMC6800061.
Cooke AA, Connaughton RM, Lyons CL, McMorrow AM, Roche HM. Fatty acids and chronic low grade inflammation associated with obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol. 2016 Aug 15;785:207-214. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.021. Epub 2016 Apr 12. PMID: 27083551.
Domingueti CP, Dusse LM, Carvalho Md, de Sousa LP, Gomes KB, Fernandes AP. Diabetes mellitus: The linkage between oxidative stress, inflammation, hypercoagulability and vascular complications. J Diabetes Complications. 2016 May-Jun;30(4):738-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.018. Epub 2015 Dec 18. PMID: 26781070.
Fearon KC, Glass DJ, Guttridge DC. Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways. Cell Metab. 2012 Aug 8;16(2):153-66. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.06.011. Epub 2012 Jul 12. PMID: 22795476.
Petruzzelli M, Wagner EF. Mechanisms of metabolic dysfunction in cancer-associated cachexia. Genes Dev. 2016 Mar 1;30(5):489-501. doi: 10.1101/gad.276733.115. PMID: 26944676; PMCID: PMC4782044.
Wang H, Ye J. Regulation of energy balance by inflammation: common theme in physiology and pathology. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2015 Mar;16(1):47-54. doi: 10.1007/s11154-014-9306-8. PMID: 25526866; PMCID: PMC4346537.
Tsirona S, Tzanela M, Botoula E, Belenis I, Rondogianni D, Tsagarakis S. CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND LONG-TERM OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH ECTOPIC ACTH SYNDROME DUE TO BRONCHIAL CARCINOID TUMORS: A ONE-CENTER EXPERIENCE. Endocr Pract. 2015 Oct;21(10):1104-10. doi: 10.4158/EP15647.OR. Epub 2015 Jun 29. PMID: 26121441.