Covid-19 Research

Opinion

OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9506575775

Possible Correlations between the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine and Contracting Myocarditis/Pericarditis in Young Adults

Biology Group    Start Submission

Carl Dowling*

Volume3-Issue4
Dates: Received: 2022-04-16 | Accepted: 2022-04-29 | Published: 2022-04-30
Pages: 453-456

Abstract

mRNA vaccines have been pivotal in the management of global health in regulating the spread and severity of COVID-19 across the world. Approximately six months post vaccine, there was concerns raised by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) over the adverse events of inflammatory heart conditions in the younger adult demographic aged between 18-24 years old following vaccination in particular mRNA. This article will look at possible correlations between the delivery of the mRNA vaccine and the effect it has had on the younger adult population.

FullText HTML FullText PDF DOI: 10.37871/jbres1464


Certificate of Publication




Copyright

© 2022 Dowling C. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0

How to cite this article

Dowling C. Possible Correlations between the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine and Contracting Myocarditis/Pericarditis in Young Adults. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2022 Apr 30; 3(4): 453-456. doi: 10.37871/jbres1464, Article ID: JBRES1464, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1464.pdf


Subject area(s)

References


  1. Greenwood B. The contribution of vaccination to global health: past, present and future. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014 May 12;369(1645):20130433. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2013.0433. PMID: 24821919; PMCID: PMC4024226.
  2. Yu J, Chai P, Ge S, Fan X. Recent Understandings Toward Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): From Bench to Bedside. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Jun 9;8:476. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00476. PMID: 32582719; PMCID: PMC7296090.
  3. Joffe S. Evaluating Sars-Cov-2 vaccines after emergency use authorization or licensing of initial candidate vaccines. The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2021;325(3):221-222. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.25127.
  4. Yadegari I, Omidi M, Smith SR. The herd-immunity threshold must be updated for multi-vaccine strategies and multiple variants. Sci Rep. 2021 Nov 26;11(1):22970. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-00083-2. PMID: 34836984; PMCID: PMC8626504.
  5. Hall V, Foulkes S, Insalata F, Kirwan P, Saei A, Atti A, Wellington E, Khawam J, Munro K, Cole M, Tranquillini C, Taylor-Kerr A, Hettiarachchi N, Calbraith D, Sajedi N, Milligan I, Themistocleous Y, Corrigan D, Cromey L, Price L, Stewart S, de Lacy E, Norman C, Linley E, Otter AD, Semper A, Hewson J, D'Arcangelo S, Chand M, Brown CS, Brooks T, Islam J, Charlett A, Hopkins S; SIREN Study Group. Protection against SARS-CoV-2 after Covid-19 Vaccination and Previous Infection. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 31;386(13):1207-1220. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2118691. Epub 2022 Feb 16. PMID: 35172051; PMCID: PMC8908850.
  6. Witberg G, Barda N, Hoss S, Richter I, Wiessman M, Aviv Y, Grinberg T, Auster O, Dagan N, Balicer RD, Kornowski R. Myocarditis after Covid-19 Vaccination in a Large Health Care Organization. N Engl J Med. 2021 Dec 2;385(23):2132-2139. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2110737. Epub 2021 Oct 6. PMID: 34614329; PMCID: PMC8531986.
  7. Doshi P. Covid-19 vaccines: In the rush for regulatory approval, do we need more data? BMJ. 2021 May 18;373:n1244. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n1244. PMID: 34006591.
  8. Patone M, Mei XW, Handunnetthi L, Dixon S, Zaccardi F, Shankar-Hari M, Watkinson P, Khunti K, Harnden A, Coupland CAC, Channon KM, Mills NL, Sheikh A, Hippisley-Cox J. Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2022 Feb;28(2):410-422. doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01630-0. Epub 2021 Dec 14. PMID: 34907393; PMCID: PMC8863574.
  9. Cueni LN, Detmar M. The lymphatic system in health and disease. Lymphat Res Biol. 2008;6(3-4):109-22. doi: 10.1089/lrb.2008.1008. PMID: 19093783; PMCID: PMC3572233.
  10. Kataru RP, Baik JE, Park HJ, Wiser I, Rehal S, Shin JY, Mehrara BJ. Regulation of Immune Function by the Lymphatic System in Lymphedema. Front Immunol. 2019 Mar 18;10:470. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00470. PMID: 30936872; PMCID: PMC6431610.
  11. Caroline LN. Emergency care in the streets. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press; 1982.
  12. Liao S, von der Weid PY. Lymphatic system: an active pathway for immune protection. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2015 Feb;38:83-9. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.11.012. Epub 2014 Dec 19. PMID: 25534659; PMCID: PMC4397130.
  13. Capobianco SM, Fahmy MW, Sicari V. Anatomy, Thorax, Subclavian Veins. Treasure Island (FL) StatPearls Publishing; 2021.
  14. Murakami G, Sato T, Takiguchi T. Topographical anatomy of the bronchomediastinal lymph vessels: their relationships and formation of the collecting trunks. Arch Histol Cytol. 1990;53 Suppl:219-35. doi: 10.1679/aohc.53.suppl_219. PMID: 2252631.
  15. Crumbie L. Thoracic and mediastinal lymph nodes and lymphatics. 2021. https://bit.ly/3vTpGTP
  16. Sintou A, Mansfield C, Iacob A, Chowdhury RA, Narodden S, Rothery SM, Podovei R, Sanchez-Alonso JL, Ferraro E, Swiatlowska P, Harding SE, Prasad S, Rosenthal N, Gorelik J, Sattler S. Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy, Class-Switched Auto-Antibodies and Myocardial Immune-Complexes During Heart Failure in Rodents and Humans. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Aug 7;8:695. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00695. PMID: 32850816; PMCID: PMC7426467.
  17. Clem AS. Fundamentals of vaccine immunology. J Glob Infect Dis. 2011 Jan;3(1):73-8. doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.77299. PMID: 21572612; PMCID: PMC3068582.
  18. Knight J, Nigam Y. The lymphatic system 5: Vaccinations and immunological memory. Nursing times. 2021. https://bit.ly/3EXhvtO
  19. Eliskova M, Eliska O, Miller AJ. The lymphatics of the canine parietal pericardium. Lymphology. 1994 Dec;27(4):181-8. PMID: 7898132.
  20. Marshall JS, Warrington R, Watson W, Kim HL. An introduction to immunology and immunopathology. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol. 2018 Sep 12;14(Suppl 2):49. doi: 10.1186/s13223-018-0278-1. PMID: 30263032; PMCID: PMC6156898.
  21. Lee S, Ryu JH. Influenza Viruses: Innate Immunity and mRNA Vaccines. Front Immunol. 2021 Aug 31;12:710647. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.710647. PMID: 34531860; PMCID: PMC8438292.
  22. Donnelly RF. Vaccine delivery systems. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Jan 2;13(1):17-18. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1259043. PMID: 28125375; PMCID: PMC5287301.
  23. Zuckerman NJ. The importance of injecting vaccines into muscle. The British medical journal. 2020. doi: 10.1136/bmj.321.7271.1237.
  24. Rahamimov N, Baturov V, Shani A, Ben Zoor I, Fischer D, Chernihovsky A. Inadequate deltoid muscle penetration and concerns of improper COVID mRNA vaccine administration can be avoided by injection technique modification. Vaccine. 2021 Aug 31;39(37):5326-5330. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.081. Epub 2021 Jul 2. PMID: 34275671; PMCID: PMC8249688.
  25. Zhang L, Wang W, Wang S. Effect of vaccine administration modality on immunogenicity and efficacy. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2015;14(11):1509-23. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2015.1081067. Epub 2015 Aug 27. PMID: 26313239; PMCID: PMC4915566.
  26. Sepah Y, Samad L, Altaf A, Halim MS, Rajagopalan N, Javed Khan A. Aspiration in injections: should we continue or abandon the practice? F1000Res. 2014 Jul 10;3:157. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.1113.3. PMID: 28344770; PMCID: PMC5333604.
  27. Herraiz-Adillo Á, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Pozuelo-Carrascosa DP. Aspirar antes de la inyección de vacunas intramusculares, ¿debería el debate continuar? [Aspiration before intramuscular vaccines injection, should the debate continue?]. Enferm Clin. 2022 Jan-Feb;32(1):65-66. Spanish. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2021.10.012. Epub 2021 Nov 25. PMID: 34848940; PMCID: PMC8612866.
  28. Jayadevan R. COVID-19: Wrong injection technique could also be leading to clots. The times of India. 2021. https://bit.ly/3vBBAmJ
  29. Merchant H. Inadvertent injection of COVID-19 vaccine into deltoid muscle vasculature may result in vaccine distribution to distance tissues and consequent adverse reactions. Postgrad Med J. 2021 Sep 29:postgradmedj-2021-141119. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2021-141119. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34588294.


Comments


Swift, Reliable, and studious. We aim to cherish the world by publishing precise knowledge.

  • asd
  • Brown University Library
  • University of Glasgow Library
  • University of Pennsylvania, Penn Library
  • University of Amsterdam Library
  • The University of British Columbia Library
  • UC Berkeley’s Library
  • MIT Libraries
  • Kings College London University
  • University of Texas Libraries
  • UNSW Sidney Library
  • The University of Hong Kong Libraries
  • UC Santa Barbara Library
  • University of Toronto Libraries
  • University of Oxford Library
  • Australian National University
  • ScienceOpen
  • UIC Library
  • KAUST University Library
  • Cardiff University Library
  • Ball State University Library
  • Duke University Library
  • Rutgers University Library
  • Air University Library
  • UNT University of North Texas
  • Washington Research Library Consortium
  • Penn State University Library
  • Georgetown Library
  • Princeton University Library
  • Science Gate
  • Internet Archive
  • WashingTon State University Library
  • Dimensions
  • Zenodo
  • OpenAire
  • Index Copernicus International
  • icmje
  •  International Scientific Indexing (ISI)
  • Sherpa Romeo
  • ResearchGate
  • Universidad De Lima
  • WorldCat
  • JCU Discovery
  • McGill
  • National University of Singepore Libraries
  • SearchIT
  • Scilit
  • SemantiScholar
  • Base Search
  • VU
  • KB
  • Publons
  • oaji
  • Harvard University
  • sjsu-library
  • UWLSearch
  • Florida Institute of Technology
  • CrossRef
  • LUBsearch
  • Universitat de Paris
  • Technical University of Denmark
  • ResearchBIB
  • Google Scholar
  • Microsoft Academic Search