Covid-19 Research

Opinion

OCLC Number/Unique Identifier: 9227640157

The Myth of Septic Complications of Acute Pneumonia

Medicine Group    Start Submission

Igor Klepikov*

Volume2-Issue8
Dates: Received: 2021-08-19 | Accepted: 2021-08-23 | Published: 2021-08-31
Pages: 741-744

Abstract

A new era in the treatment of Acute Pneumonia (AP) began with the introduction of antibiotics into medical practice. The first successes of the use of new drugs were accompanied by a gradual simplification of views on the nature of AP with an emphasis on the characteristics of the pathogen and its suppression. A huge layer of scientific materials that allow us to understand the features of the development and course of inflammatory processes in the lungs, remained unclaimed. The focus on the etiology of the disease has led to a distorted view of its mechanisms and an exaggerated diagnosis of septic complications that do not have a reasoned confirmation. The current pandemic with a large number of COVID-19 pneumonias has radically changed the etiology of AP and deprived practical medicine of conventional treatment regimens. The unpreparedness of modern medicine for such a challenge and the preservation of the previous ideology of the disease are the reason for a radical revision of the AP doctrine.

FullText HTML FullText PDF DOI: 10.37871/jbres1305


Certificate of Publication




Copyright

© 2021 Klepikov I. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0

How to cite this article

Klepikov I. The Myth of Septic Complications of Acute Pneumonia. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2021 Aug 31; 2(8): 741-744. doi: 10.37871/jbres1305, Article ID: JBRES1305, Available at: https://www.jelsciences.com/articles/jbres1305.pdf


Subject area(s)

References


  1. Alhazzani W, Møller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, Oczkowski S, Levy MM, Derde L, Dzierba A, Du B, Aboodi M, Wunsch H, Cecconi M, Koh Y, Chertow DS, Maitland K, Alshamsi F, Belley-Cote E, Greco M, Laundy M, Morgan JS, Kesecioglu J, McGeer A, Mermel L, Mammen MJ, Alexander PE, Arrington A, Centofanti JE, Citerio G, Baw B, Memish ZA, Hammond N, Hayden FG, Evans L, Rhodes A. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: Guidelines on the Management of Critically Ill Adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun;48(6):e440-e469. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004363. PMID: 32224769; PMCID: PMC7176264.
  2. Schlapbach LJ, Kissoon N, Alhawsawi A, Aljuaid MH, Daniels R, Gorordo-Delsol LA, Machado F, Malik I, Nsutebu EF, Finfer S, Reinhart K. World Sepsis Day: a global agenda to target a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2020 Sep 1;319(3):L518-L522. doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00369.2020. Epub 2020 Aug 19. PMID: 32812788.
  3. Prescott HC, Girard TD. Recovery From Severe COVID-19: Leveraging the Lessons of Survival From Sepsis. JAMA. 2020 Aug 25;324(8):739-740. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.14103. PMID: 32777028.
  4. Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287. PMID: 26903338; PMCID: PMC4968574.
  5. Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, Kumar A, Sevransky JE, Sprung CL, Nunnally ME, Rochwerg B, Rubenfeld GD, Angus DC, Annane D, Beale RJ, Bellinghan GJ, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith C, De Backer DP, French CJ, Fujishima S, Gerlach H, Hidalgo JL, Hollenberg SM, Jones AE, Karnad DR, Kleinpell RM, Koh Y, Lisboa TC, Machado FR, Marini JJ, Marshall JC, Mazuski JE, McIntyre LA, McLean AS, Mehta S, Moreno RP, Myburgh J, Navalesi P, Nishida O, Osborn TM, Perner A, Plunkett CM, Ranieri M, Schorr CA, Seckel MA, Seymour CW, Shieh L, Shukri KA, Simpson SQ, Singer M, Thompson BT, Townsend SR, Van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Wiersinga WJ, Zimmerman JL, Dellinger RP. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Mar;43(3):304-377. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4683-6. Epub 2017 Jan 18. PMID: 28101605.
  6. Ceccato A, Torres A. Sepsis and community-acquired pneumonia. Ann Res Hosp 2018;2:7. https://tinyurl.com/6wzrmbm7
  7. Sethi S. Community-acquired pneumonia. Merck Manual for the Professional. 2020. https://tinyurl.com/tmaehk27
  8. Waterer GW, Quasney MW, Cantor RM, Wunderink RG. Septic shock and respiratory failure in community-acquired pneumonia have different TNF polymorphism associations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Jun;163(7):1599-604. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm.163.7.2011088. PMID: 11401880.
  9. Liapikou A, Ferrer M, Polverino E, Balasso V, Esperatti M, Piñer R, Mensa J, Luque N, Ewig S, Menendez R, Niederman MS, Torres A. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society guidelines to predict an intensive care unit admission. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Feb 15;48(4):377-85. doi: 10.1086/596307. PMID: 19140759.
  10. Restrepo MI, Mortensen EM, Rello J, Brody J, Anzueto A. Late admission to the ICU in patients with community-acquired pneumonia is associated with higher mortality. Chest. 2010 Mar;137(3):552-7. doi: 10.1378/chest.09-1547. Epub 2009 Oct 31. PMID: 19880910; PMCID: PMC3021366.
  11. Lin GL, McGinley JP, Drysdale SB, Pollard AJ. Epidemiology and Immune Pathogenesis of Viral Sepsis. Front Immunol. 2018 Sep 27;9:2147. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02147. PMID: 30319615; PMCID: PMC6170629.
  12. Schwiegk H. Der Lungenentlastungsreflex. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 1935;206-219.
  13. Klepikov I. The Meaning of pulmonary reflexes in the pathogenesis of acute pneumonia. Intern Med. 2017; 7:232. doi: 10.4172/2165-8048.1000232
  14. Klepikov I. Acute Pneumonia is More Cardiovascular than Respiratory Disaster. J Emerg Med Care. 2018;1:105. https://tinyurl.com/aprp436e
  15. Klepikov I. Shock in Acute Pneumonia and its Mechanism.EC Emergency Medicine and Critical Care. 2018;2:52-53.
  16. Liapikou A, Rosales-Mayor E, Torres A. The management of severe community acquired pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2014 Jun;8(3):293-303. doi: 10.1586/17476348.2014.896202. PMID: 24838089.
  17. Kim JW, Kim JJ, Yang HJ, Lim YS, Cho JS, Hwang IC, Han SH. The prognostic factors of pneumonia with septic shock in patients presenting to the emergency department. Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine. 2015;30(4):258-264. doi: 10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.4.258
  18. Phua J, Dean NC, Guo Q, Kuan WS, Lim HF, Lim TK. Severe community-acquired pneumonia: timely management measures in the first 24 hours. Crit Care. 2016 Aug 28;20(1):237. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1414-2. PMID: 27567896; PMCID: PMC5002335.
  19. Vidal A, Santos L. Comorbidities impact on the prognosis of severe acute community-acquired pneumonia. Porto Biomed J. 2017 Nov-Dec;2(6):265-272. doi: 10.1016/j.pbj.2017.04.009. Epub 2017 May 26. PMID: 32289091; PMCID: PMC6806761.
  20. Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, Cereda D, Coluccello A, Foti G, Fumagalli R, Iotti G, Latronico N, Lorini L, Merler S, Natalini G, Piatti A, Ranieri MV, Scandroglio AM, Storti E, Cecconi M, Pesenti A; COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Baseline Characteristics and Outcomes of 1591 Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA. 2020 Apr 28;323(16):1574-1581. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.5394. Erratum in: JAMA. 2021 May 25;325(20):2120. PMID: 32250385; PMCID: PMC7136855.
  21. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW; the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium, Barnaby DP, Becker LB, Chelico JD, Cohen SL, Cookingham J, Coppa K, Diefenbach MA, Dominello AJ, Duer-Hefele J, Falzon L, Gitlin J, Hajizadeh N, Harvin TG, Hirschwerk DA, Kim EJ, Kozel ZM, Marrast LM, Mogavero JN, Osorio GA, Qiu M, Zanos TP. Presenting Characteristics, Comorbidities, and Outcomes Among 5700 Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020 May 26;323(20):2052-2059. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.6775. Erratum in: JAMA. 2020 May 26;323(20):2098. PMID: 32320003; PMCID: PMC7177629.
  22. Seligman R, Seligman BGS. Pandemic in the 21st Century. The Challenge of COVID-19. EC Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine 9.8. 2020;30-31. https://tinyurl.com/ju4trrpv
  23. Gupta S, Wang W, Hayek SS, Chan L, Mathews KS, Melamed ML, Brenner SK, Leonberg-Yoo A, Schenck EJ, Radbel J, Reiser J, Bansal A, Srivastava A, Zhou Y, Finkel D, Green A, Mallappallil M, Faugno AJ, Zhang J, Velez JCQ, Shaefi S, Parikh CR, Charytan DM, Athavale AM, Friedman AN, Redfern RE, Short SAP, Correa S, Pokharel KK, Admon AJ, Donnelly JP, Gershengorn HB, Douin DJ, Semler MW, Hernán MA, Leaf DE; STOP-COVID Investigators. Association Between Early Treatment With Tocilizumab and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Jan 1;181(1):41-51. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.6252. PMID: 33080002; PMCID: PMC7577201.
  24. Klepikov I. Acute pneumonia. New doctrine and first treatment results. 2020. https://tinyurl.com/5ekmfhr7
  25. Klepikov I. How many Pneumonias exist in nature? 2021. https://tinyurl.com/2r5jpd5c


Comments


Swift, Reliable, and studious. We aim to cherish the world by publishing precise knowledge.

  • asd
  • Brown University Library
  • University of Glasgow Library
  • University of Pennsylvania, Penn Library
  • University of Amsterdam Library
  • The University of British Columbia Library
  • UC Berkeley’s Library
  • MIT Libraries
  • Kings College London University
  • University of Texas Libraries
  • UNSW Sidney Library
  • The University of Hong Kong Libraries
  • UC Santa Barbara Library
  • University of Toronto Libraries
  • University of Oxford Library
  • Australian National University
  • ScienceOpen
  • UIC Library
  • KAUST University Library
  • Cardiff University Library
  • Ball State University Library
  • Duke University Library
  • Rutgers University Library
  • Air University Library
  • UNT University of North Texas
  • Washington Research Library Consortium
  • Penn State University Library
  • Georgetown Library
  • Princeton University Library
  • Science Gate
  • Internet Archive
  • WashingTon State University Library
  • Dimensions
  • Zenodo
  • OpenAire
  • Index Copernicus International
  • icmje
  •  International Scientific Indexing (ISI)
  • Sherpa Romeo
  • ResearchGate
  • Universidad De Lima
  • WorldCat
  • JCU Discovery
  • McGill
  • National University of Singepore Libraries
  • SearchIT
  • Scilit
  • SemantiScholar
  • Base Search
  • VU
  • KB
  • Publons
  • oaji
  • Harvard University
  • sjsu-library
  • UWLSearch
  • Florida Institute of Technology
  • CrossRef
  • LUBsearch
  • Universitat de Paris
  • Technical University of Denmark
  • ResearchBIB
  • Google Scholar
  • Microsoft Academic Search