An Overview of Evidence that Mercury from Dental Fillings may be an Etiological Factor in Many Health Disorders

Robert Siblerud*; Joachim Mutter

**Robert Siblerud* and Joachim Mutter**

Volume2-Issue6
Dates: Received: 2021-05-26 | Accepted: 2021-06-11 | Published: 2021-06-12
Pages: 472-485

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to summarize the research regarding the toxic health effects caused by mercury dental amalgams.

Method: The study involved summarizing scientific articles in journals regarding health effects of dental amalgam mercury.

Results: The science strongly suggests dental amalgam mercury may be an etiological factor in numerous health disorders. Mental health seems to be affected the most including such conditions as depression, anger, and irritability. Studies have also associated it with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. The cardiovascular system also is affected including high blood pressure, heart rate, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red blood cells. Subjects with amalgams have a decreased T lymphocyte percentage compared to a control, and the immunoglobins IgG, IgA, and IgE correlated with the number of amalgams. Myopia is reduced in amalgam bearing subjects but amalgam mercury is constricting the visual field. When comparing total health disorders of subjects with amalgams compared to those without, they suffered 45% more health disorders. Urine and hair mercury levels were significantly higher in subjects with amalgams compared to those without. The scientific evidence strongly suggests that amalgam mercury is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amytrophic lateral sclerosis. Research has shown when amalgams are removed many health conditions improve.

Conclusion: The evidence is overwhelming that mercury from dental amalgam is an etiological factor in many health disorders.

FullText HTML FullText PDF DOI: 10.37871/jbres1263

Certificate of Publication

Copyright

How to cite this article

Siblerud R, Mutter J.An Overview of Evidence that Mercury from Dental Fillings may be an Etiological Factor in Many Health Disorders. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2021 June 12; 2(6): 472-485. doi: 10.37871/jbres1263, Article ID: jbres1263

Subject area(s)

Environmental Contamination

Atmospheric Chemistry

References

Raue H. Resistance to therapy. Think of tooth fillings. Med Pract. 1980;32:2303-2309. https://bit.ly/3czKXJx
Pleva J. Mercury poisoning from dental amalgam. J Orthomolecular Psych. 1983;12:184-193.
Siblerud RL. The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and mental health. Am J Psychother. 1989 Oct;43(4):575-87. doi: 10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1989.43.4.575. PMID: 2618948.
Hahn LJ, Kloiber R, Vimy MJ, Takahashi Y, Lorscheider FL. Dental “silver” tooth fillings: a source of mercury exposure revealed by whole-body image scan and tissue analysis. FASEB J. 1989 Dec;3(14):2641-6. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.3.14.2636872. PMID: 2636872.
Siblerud R. Health effects after amalgam removal. J Orthomolecular Medicine. 1990;5(2):95-106.
Clarkson TW. The pharmacology of mercury compounds. Ann Rev Pharmacol. 1972;12:375-406.
Bauer JG, First HA. The toxicity of mercury in dental amalgam. Calif Dent Assoc J. 1982;10:47-61.
Hursh JB, Cherian MG, Clarkson TW, Vostal JJ, Mallie RV. Clearance of mercury (HG-197, HG-203) vapor inhaled by human subjects. Arch Environ Health. 1976 Nov-Dec;31(6):302-9. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1976.10667240. PMID: 999343.
Friberg DA, Vosta J. Mercury in the environment. Cleveland O CRC Press. 1972.
Gay DD, Cox RD, Reinhardt JW. Chewing releases mercury from fillings. Lancet. 1979 May 5;1(8123):985-6. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91773-2. PMID: 87664.
Svare CW, Peterson LC, Reinhardt JW, Boyer DB, Frank CW, Gay DD, Cox RD. The effect of dental amalgams on mercury levels in expired air. J Dent Res. 1981 Sep;60(9):1668-71. doi: 10.1177/00220345810600090601. PMID: 6943160.
Vimy MJ, Lorscheider FL. Serial measurements of intra-oral air mercury: estimation of daily dose from dental amalgam. J Dent Res. 1985 Aug;64(8):1072-5. doi: 10.1177/00220345850640081001. PMID: 3860539.
Stortebecker P. Mercury poisoning from dental amalgam. Stortebecker Foundation for Research Bioprobe, Orlando, FL. 1983;138:151-154.
Stock A. Die chronishe queksilber und amalgam vergisung. Arch Gerweberpath. 1936;7:388.
Trachtenberg IM, Savitski IV, Sterhartz RY. The effect of low mercury concentrations on the organism. Gig Tr Prof Zabol. 1972;9:7.
Eggleston DW, Nylander M. Correlation of dental amalgam with mercury in brain tissue. J Prosthet Dent. 1987 Dec;58(6):704-7. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(87)90424-0. PMID: 3480359.
Nylander M, Friberg L, Lind B. Mercury concentrations in the human brain and kidneys in relation to exposure from dental amalgam fillings. Swed Dent J. 1987;11(5):179-87. PMID: 3481133.
Abraham JE, Svare CW, Frank CW. The effect of dental amalgam restorations on blood mercury levels. J Dent Res. 1984 Jan;63(1):71-3. doi: 10.1177/00220345840630011801. PMID: 6582086.
Svare CW, Peterson LC. The effect of removing dental amalgam on blood levels. 1984; J Dent Res. IADR abstr. 1984;896.
Nilsson B, Nilsson B. Mercury in dental practice. II. Urinary mercury excretion in dental personnel. Swed Dent J. 1986;10(6):221-32. PMID: 3469773.
Ross WD, Gechman AS, Sholiton MC, Paul HS. Need for alertness to neuropsychiatric manifestations of inorganic mercury poisoning. Compr Psychiatry. 1977 Nov-Dec;18(6):595-8. doi: 10.1016/s0010-440x(97)90012-2. PMID: 923234.
Gowdy DD, Demers F. The blood levels in mental hospital patients. Am J Psychatri. 1978;135:115-116.
Siblerud R, Motl J, Kienholz E. Psychometric evidence that dental amalgam mercury may be an etiological factor in manic depression. J of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1998l13(1):31-40.
Siblerud R, Motl J, Kienholz E. Psychometric evidence that dental amalgam mercury may be an etiological factor in schizophrenia. J of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1999;14 (4):2201-209.
Mateer RS, Reitz CD. Corrosion of amalgam restorations. J Dent Res. 1970;34:1457-1458.
Dahhan SS, Orfalay H. Electrocardiographic changes in mercury poisoning. Am J Cardio. 1972;14:178-187.
Siblerud RL. The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and the cardiovascular system. Sci Total Environ. 1990 Dec 1;99(1-2):23-35. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90207-b. PMID: 2270468.
Koller LD. Immunosuppression by lead, cadmium, and mercury. Am J Vet Res. 1973;34:1457-1458.
Eggleston DW. Effect of dental amalgam and nickel alloys on T-lymphocytes: preliminary report. J Prosthet Dent. 1984 May;51(5):617-23. doi: 10.1016/0022-3913(84)90404-9. PMID: 6610046.
Siblerud RL. Myopia: Some causative factors and its relationship to nutrition. M.S. thesis, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. 1981.
Siblerud R, Kienholz E. Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings may slow the progression of myopia. J of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1998;3.
Fox DA, Stillman AJ. Heavy metals affect rod, but not cone photoreceptors. Science. 206.
Khayat A, Dencker L. Organ and cellular distribution of inhaled metallic mercury in the rat and Marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus): influence of ethyl alcohol pretreatment. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1984 Aug;55(2):145-52. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1984.tb01977.x. PMID: 6437142.
Roman-Franco AA, Turiello M, Albini B, Ossi E, Milgrom F, Andres GA. Anti-basement membrane antibodies and antigen--antibody complexes in rabbits injected with mercuric chloride. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1978 Apr;9(4):464-81. doi: 10.1016/0090-1229(78)90143-5. PMID: 648040.
Desusclade C. La myopia evaluative pathogenic et traitment par vitamin E. Press Medicale (Paris). 1967;67:855-856.
Siblerud RL, Kienholz E. Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings may be an etiological factor in multiple sclerosis. Sci Total Environ. 1994 Mar 15;142(3):191-205. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90327-1. PMID: 8191275.
Craelius W. Comparative epidemiology of multiple sclerosis and dental caries. J Epidemiol Community Health (1978). 1978 Sep;32(3):155-65. doi: 10.1136/jech.32.3.155. PMID: 711974; PMCID: PMC1060938.
Siblerud R, Kienholz E. Evidence that mercury from silver dental fillings may be an etiological factor in reduced nerve conduction velocity in multiple sclerosis patients. J of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1997;12(3):169-172.
Siblerud R, Kienholz E. Evidence that mercury from dental amalgam may cause hearing loss in multiple sclerosis patients. J. of Orthomolecular Medicine. 1997;12(4):240-244.
Siblerud RL. A comparison of mental health of multiple sclerosis patients with silver/mercury dental fillings and those with fillings removed. Psychol Rep. 1992 Jun;70(3 Pt 2):1139-51. doi: 10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3c.1139. PMID: 1496084.
Mangelsdorf I, Walach H, Mutter J. [Healing of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Case Report]. Complement Med Res. 2017;24(3):175-181. German. doi: 10.1159/000477397. Epub 2017 Jun 12. PMID: 28641283.
Siblerud R, Mutter J, Moore E, Naumann J, Walach H. A Hypothesis and Evidence That Mercury May be an Etiological Factor in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 17;16(24):5152. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16245152. PMID: 31861093; PMCID: PMC6950077.
Mutter J, Naumann J, Sadaghiani C, Schneider R, Walach H. Alzheimer disease: mercury as pathogenetic factor and apolipoprotein E as a moderator. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 2004 Oct;25(5):331-9. PMID: 15580166.
Mutter J, Curth A, Naumann J, Deth R, Walach H. Does inorganic mercury play a role in Alzheimer’s disease? A systematic review and an integrated molecular mechanism. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;22(2):357-74. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2010-100705. PMID: 20847438.
Karlawish J, Langa KM. Unfinished Business in Preventing Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Intern Med. 2016 Dec 1;176(12):1739-1740. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.6310. PMID: 27749947; PMCID: PMC5458728.
Siblerud R, Mutter J. A Hypothesis and Additional Evidence that Mercury May be an Etiological Factor in Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Multiple Sclerosis. 2020;7(3).
Siblerud R. Relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and health. Toxic Substances Journal. 1990;10.
Siblerud R. The relationship between mecury from dental amalgam and oral cavity health. Annals of Dentistry. 1990;2.
Siblerud RL. The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and the cardiovascular system. Sci Total Environ. 1990 Dec 1;99(1-2):23-35. doi: 10.1016/0048-9697(90)90207-b. PMID: 2270468.
Siblerud R. The relationship between mercury from dental amalgam and health. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Physiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.