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Molecular Detection of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum Specimens from the New and Previously Treated Tuberculosis Cases at the National Reference Chest Diseases Laboratory in Lusaka, Zambia

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Open Access
Article Type Research Article
Subject Biology Group
OCLC 9041818251
David Kajoba Mumena* Geoffrey Kwenda, Caroline Wangari Ngugi and Andrew Kimanga Nyerere
Issue: Volume2-Issue4
Pages: 232-243
Received: 2021-03-23
Accepted: 2021-04-10
Published: 2021-04-15

Abstract

Background: Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the major public health issues globally. Zambia is highly burdened by TB and multi-drug resistant TB. In this study, sputum samples obtained from the new and previously treated cases of TB were examined for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).

Methods: Sputum specimens were processed using the N-acetyl-L-cysteine-sodium hydroxide method, stained and examined using fluorescent technique and microscopy respectively. Mycobacterial DNA was extracted using the Genolyse kit, then subjected to multiplex polymerase chain reaction amplification and reverse hybridization. Drug-resistance and mutations in MTB genes were detected using the Genotype MTBDRplus VER 2.0 and MTBDRsl VER 2.0 assays.

Results: A total of 329 MTB-positive sputum specimens, 102 from the new TB cases and 227 from previously treated TB cases, were analysed for drug-resistance. Among the new TB cases, 3.9% had Rifampicin (RIF) mono-resistance, 12.8% Isoniazid (INH) mono-resistance, and 17.7% had Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR). For the previously treated TB cases, 10.1% had RIF mono-resistance, 6.6% INH mono-resistance, 33.0% MDR, 1.8% poly-drug resistance, and 0.8% had pre-Extensively Drug-Resistance (pre-XDR). Mutations identified were rpoB (Ser531Leu, His526Asp, Asp516Val, His526Tyr, and Glu510His), katG (Ser315Thr 1 and Ser315Thr 2), InhA (Cys15Thr), gyrA (Ala90Val and Asp94Gly), and eis (Cys14Thr), each with a varying frequency.

Conclusion: DR-TB is prevalent, especially MDR-TB, which is currently the most worrisome form of DR-TB and an emerging threat hampering efforts in the control of TB in Zambia. The early detection and effective treatment of TB cases are key in the control of DR-TB.

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© 2021 Mumena DK, et al. Distributed under Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 Creative CommonsAttribution

How to cite this article

Mumena DK, Kwenda G, Ngugi CW, Nyerere AK. Molecular Detection of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sputum Specimens from the New and Previously Treated Tuberculosis Cases at the National Reference Chest Diseases Laboratory in Lusaka, Zambia. J Biomed Res Environ Sci. 2021 Apr 15; 2(4): 232-243. doi: 10.37871/jbres1218, Article ID: jbres1218

Subject area(s)

Molecular BiologyMicrobiologyBiologyBiomedical ScienceInfectious Diseases

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