Microbiology & Virology
Section Editors
Noor Azian
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Baokai Cui
Cassio Marinho Campelo
Daiane Flores Dalla Lana
Farman Ali
Hani Harb
Hong Jiang D
Idress Hamad Attitalla Saleh
Jinxin Gao
Julio Cesar Camara Rosa
KOMBE KOMBE Arnaud John
Kuo-Chen Chou
Mahmoud Khodadoust
Mauriello Alfredo
Min Chen
Paulo Henrique Das Neves Martins Pires
Preeti Bharaj
Topwe Milongwe MWENE-MBEJA
Vandana Gupta
Research Topics in this Section
Antiretrovirology
9
AntiretrovirologyThese topics are filtered from our journals helping to discover the community within the widespread of multi-disc…
Antivirology
14
AntivirologyThese topics are filtered from our journals helping to discover the community within the widespread of multi-disciplin…
Microbiology
45
MicrobiologyThese topics are filtered from our journals helping to discover the community within the widespread of multi-disciplin…
Parasitology
11
ParasitologyThese topics are filtered from our journals helping to discover the community within the widespread of multi-disciplin…
Virology
49
VirologyThese topics are filtered from our journals helping to discover the community within the widespread of multi-disciplinary …
Recent Articles
50 articles
Open Access
Review Article 20 Jan 2026
Anthrax Pathogenesis as Overcoming Lymph Node Macrophage Barrier
125 Views 76 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 30 Dec 2025
Detoxification and Characterization of an Alpha Nanotoxoid of Clostridium septicum In vitro and In vivo
One solution to eliminate toxins is to trap them in polymer nanoparticles. Alpha clostridial toxins typically form pores in the cell membrane, allowing them to enter cells and exert their destructive and deadly effects. …
150 Views 79 Downloads
Open Access
Perspective 15 Dec 2025
Harnessing the Built Environment Microbiome for Healthier Hospitality: A Biomedical-Environmental Perspective
Guest satisfaction is often linked to cleanliness in the hospitality industry, however, the complexity of microbial communities colonizing built environments is neglected. Recent breakthroughs in biomedical research as…
71 Views 61 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 25 Aug 2025
Development of a Fluorescence Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Assay for Rapid Detection of Feline Calicivirus
Feline Calicivirus (FCV) is responsible for a highly contagious disease in domestic cats. FCV may cause multiple symptoms and even death to the infected cats. A simple and cost-effective real-time RPA assay was developed…
214 Views 87 Downloads
Open Access
Descriptive Research 14 Aug 2025
HMPV in Focus: Emerging Insights into a Silent Respiratory Threat
Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major cause of respiratory illness, primarily affecting young children, and can also cause severe disease in elderly or immunocompromised adults. Although first identified in 2001, retro…
17 Views 75 Downloads 1 Citation
Open Access
Review Article 02 Jul 2025
Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis Caused by Entamoeba Dispar
Entamoeba dispar, belonging to the Genus Entamoeba along with Entamoeba histolytica that causes amebiasis, was previously considered a non-pathogenic ameba and an ideal model for studying the pathogenesis of amebiasis. H…
338 Views 83 Downloads
Open Access
Review Article 16 Jun 2025
Effectiveness of ALPHABAN 40 WP (Cypermethrin) insecticide in Blattella germanica and Aedes aegypti control in Cuba
Disease vector control in Cuba is carried out primarily with chemical insecticides, with those based on cypermethrin being the most commonly used .In Cuba there are 30 registered formulations whose active ingredient is t…
1,281 Views 80 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 28 Feb 2025
Microbial Inoculant: A Potential and Sustainable way for Improvement and Production of Crops for Agricultural Sector Development
Introduction: Increasing demand for food due to rapidly increase in global population, it is necessary to meet the food requirements without degrading the environment. In cultivated zones, around highly populated areas, …
2,419 Views 118 Downloads
Open Access
Case Study 31 Jan 2025
Detection of an Imported Case of Severe Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in a Patient with Comorbidities, Dakar, Senegal 2023
In July 2023, a diabetic from Mauritania was diagnosed as a severe case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) at Dakar hospital, Senegal. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the new strain as a CCHF virus reassortant …
594 Views 121 Downloads 2 Citations
Open Access
Case Report 31 Jan 2025
Bordetella bronchiseptica Infection in an Immunocompetent Adult and a Literature Review on this Rare Zoonosis
Introduction: Bordetella bronchiseptica, a Gram-negative coccobacillus, studied for its role in Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease and porcine atrophic rhinitis. It is an opportunistic pathogen with few reported cases…
2,224 Views 110 Downloads
Open Access
Review Article 10 Nov 2024
Microbiome-Targeted Therapies: Developments and Recent Updates
The microbiome, a complex microbial community found in ecosystems like animals, plants, and humans, plays a crucial role in maintaining health and preventing diseases. These communities promote healthy growth, protect ag…
3,463 Views 109 Downloads
Open Access
Descriptive Research 25 Oct 2024
Application of UV-C Technology in Managing the Monkeypox Epidemic: Surface, Air, and PPE Decontamination
The outbreak of monkeypox, a zoonotic viral disease, necessitates effective strategies for infection control and decontamination. Ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation, with its germicidal properties, has long been utilized for…
640 Views 115 Downloads 1 Citation
Open Access
Research Article 20 Sep 2024
Occult Hepatitis C Infection in Kidney Transplant and Hemodialysis Patients Identified five to Eight Years after Sustained Virological Response
Background: Occult Hepatitis C Infection (OCI) is characterized by the detection of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) RNA in hepatocytes and in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) with no detection in serum, and PBMCs and R…
325 Views 107 Downloads
Open Access
Opinion 20 Sep 2024
Relevance of Multidisciplinary Research Fighting Latent/Persistent TB
283 Views 97 Downloads
Open Access
Mini Review 31 Aug 2024
Effects of Microplastics on the Intestinal Barrier, Gut Microbiota and Antibiotic Resistance Genes: A Mini-Review
Microplastics (MPs) have aroused a global health concern and their coexistence with antibiotics is inevitable. However, how MPs would affect the bioaccumulation and risks of antibiotics in humans remains poorly understoo…
1,861 Views 115 Downloads 3 Citations
Open Access
Research Article 12 Aug 2024
The Impact of Chloroform on Viability of Temperate Bacteriophage Lambda and Survival of its Host, Escherichia coli
Background: This study investigates the effect of chloroform, an organic compound with anti-bacterial properties, produced both naturally and due to anthropogenic activities on the viability of temperate bacteriophage la…
2,279 Views 130 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 08 Aug 2024
Genetic Identification of EBNA1 Gene in Cases of Infectious Mononucleosis (IM) in the Metropolitan Region of Belem, Para, Brazil
Background: EBV Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) is a multifunctional protein of 641 amino acids. In host cells it is essential for the maintenance, replication and transcription of the EBV genome in expressed in both latent an…
155 Views 63 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 28 Jun 2024
Screening and Identification of Streptomyces lavendulae against Walnut Rot Disease Cytospora chrysosperma
Streptomyces is a biocontrol agent capable of protecting walnut from stem rot disease caused by the fungal pathogen Cytospora chrysosperma. Antagonistic strains were selected from walnut rhizosphere soil for biocontrol o…
268 Views 93 Downloads
Open Access
Short Communication 14 Jun 2024
Return to a Warmer Climate of the Middle Pliocene will Boost Bacterial, Viral and Protozoan Parasite Pathogen Induced Diseases
A return to the climate of the middle Pliocene is probable within this century and the increased temperatures, particularly at higher latitudes, will boost the spread of several bacterial, viral and protozoan parasite pa…
377 Views 100 Downloads
Open Access
Mini Review 28 May 2024
Traditional and Novel Foods as Vectors for Human Parasitic Diseases
Consumption of food contaminated with parasites pose a significant threat to public health particularly in underprivileged communities with inadequate access to sanitation and food safety practices. Unlike bacterial and …
7,278 Views 107 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 23 May 2024
Serological Diagnosis and Molecular Detection of Varicella Zoster Virus in Patients with Suspected Meningoencephalitis
Background: Primary infection (chickenpox) or infection after reactivation (herpes zoster) of the herpesvirus Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) can lead to central nervous system complications, such as meningoencephalitis. Th…
344 Views 134 Downloads
Open Access
Original Article 03 Feb 2024
One-Year Investigation of Hepatitis A Virus and Rotavirus in Two Waste Water Treatment Plants in Egypt
Background: Waterborne enteric viruses are evolving source of disease outbreaks and represent a major threat to global public health. The repetitive assessment of water environments is necessary to manage enteric virus…
1,555 Views 142 Downloads
Open Access
Short Communication 14 Dec 2023
Microorganisms and Bioremediation
In Central Asia, there are several storage sites for radioactive waste, which can be called environmental “hot spots†due to their negative impact on the environment, public health and the high risk of destruction of…
979 Views 85 Downloads
Open Access
Review Article 31 Oct 2023
Review on Pest Des Petits Ruminants Virus and its Socioeconomic Impact in Small Ruminants
Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR) are a highly contagious viral disease that mainly affects sheep and goats. It belongs to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. Today, this disease is considered a cause o…
2,853 Views 137 Downloads 3 Citations
Open Access
Research Article 23 Oct 2023
Assessment of the Microorganisms Isolated from Artificial Eyelash Users
Eyelashes are shed, like other types of hair, from the follicle. Each eyelash has its own growth cycle (anaphase) that lasts six to eight weeks so that most eyelashes are present to maintain their collective protective m…
2,905 Views 105 Downloads 1 Citation
Open Access
Mini Review 21 Oct 2023
Decoding Microbial Networks: An Insight into 16S rRNA and Whole Genome Sequencing Approaches in Metagenomic Studies
The exploration of microbial communities is pivotal in understanding environmental, human, and animal ecosystem dynamics. Advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies have significantly enriched our insights into …
2,569 Views 100 Downloads 5 Citations
Open Access
Research Article 13 Oct 2023
Relationship between Infection Caused by the Apicomplex Protozoan Nematopsis sp and the Weight of White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in a Cultivation System
There are many types of diseases and etiological agents that affect the health of the cultivated white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites), with parasitic diseases being of great relevan…
1,330 Views 105 Downloads
Open Access
Review Article 11 Oct 2023
Diversity of Non-Influenza Respiratory Viruses Associated with Influenza-Like Illness during 2009 pre and pandemic periods in Sao Paulo, Brazil, a Historical Overview
Background and objective: During the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, 60% of the respiratory specimens collected from patients under surveillance for influenza-like illness (ILI) in São Paulo, Brazil, tested negative f…
660 Views 97 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 30 Sep 2023
Pathogenic Bacteria and their Effect on Plasma Components of Haliotis fulgens (Archaeogastropoda: Haliotidae) in Baja California Sur, Mexico
Background: In Mexico Haliotis fulgens catch decreased considerably in 2012. In other countries like U.S.A., Australia, and Tasmania, their decline was associated with death by pathogens. Goals. We studied the bacterial …
721 Views 101 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 22 Aug 2023
Five New Species of Helicotylenchus of Citrus Trees in North of Khuzestan Province of Iran
In order to study spiral nematodes of citrus trees in Khuzestan province of Iran, 115 soil and root samples were collected during summer and autumn of 2016 and 2017. Nematodes were extracted and transferred into glycerin…
888 Views 92 Downloads
Open Access
Mini Review 31 Jul 2023
Success of Infection by Parasites
The success of infection by parasites during the host-parasite coevolution is related to increasing a parasite’s ability to alter intermediate host behaviour, resulting in higher fitness of parasites. The “increased …
796 Views 98 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 16 Jun 2023
Development of a New Anti-Rabies Antiviral: Effective Treatment with Beclin-1 and Lifespan Prolongation
Autophagy is a cellular mechanism that exerts antiviral effects in some virus-infected cells, while it can have opposite effects on some other cells. Rabies is an infectious disease caused by negative-stranded RNA virus.…
1,489 Views 102 Downloads
Open Access
Case Report 10 Jun 2023
Is Anisakis simplex a Trigger for Anaphylactic Reactions in Hereditary Alpha-Tryptasemia?
The prevalence of fish, seafood and Anisakis allergy varies greatly depending on country-specific eating habits, assuming that the highest consumption corresponds to the highest prevalence. Mediterranean countries are pa…
574 Views 91 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 31 May 2023
ÂÂPrimary Detection of the Establishment of Blacklegged Ticks, Ixodes scapularis, in British Columbia, Canada
Ticks transport and transmit microbial pathogens that inflict malevolent diseases on domestic and wildlife animals, and humans. We reveal the first record of the blacklegged tick, Ixodes scapularis, in British Columbia (…
700 Views 98 Downloads 2 Citations
Open Access
Research Article 04 Apr 2023
Inter-Relationship between Malaria, Probiotic Food Intake and Gut Microbiota Status among Malaria Patients
Plasmodium infection results in clinical presentations that range from symptomatic to severe malaria, resulting in about 500,000 deaths annually worldwide. Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies (ACTs) has largely been …
909 Views 64 Downloads 2 Citations
Open Access
Research Article 31 Mar 2023
Garlic Extracts Up-regulate IL-4 and IL-13 Cytokines and Increase the Goblet Cell Numbers in Eimeria vermiformis Infected Mice
We investigated the immune regulation, goblet cell responses and the anti-oxidative role of garlic extracts in the Eimeria vermiformis parasitized ileum in mice. Garlic extracts up-regulate IL-4 and IL-13 cytokines and i…
462 Views 92 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 22 Mar 2023
Microbial Community Associated with Ground waters Discharge in Transylvania (Romania) and Balaton Highland (Hungary)
In the present study, water samples from 8 sites known as: Taploca, Nagy-borvÃz, Piricske (located in Romania) and Szent Jakab, Kiskút, Kossuth Lajos, Polányi kút and Berzsenyi (located in Balaton highland in Hungary…
872 Views 73 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 16 Mar 2023
Studying free Proline and Soluble Sugars Accumulation in the Fungus Aspergillus creber Exposed to Salt Stress
Salinity is one of the most important factors influencing plant growth by participating in abiotic stress. Plants have developed a number of physiological mechanisms responding to abiotic stress. A well-studied response …
857 Views 77 Downloads 2 Citations
Open Access
Mini Review 30 Dec 2022
Philosophy of Science and Scientific Knowledge both Help to Solve Problems in Viral Taxonomy
Biological classifications are made up of abstract classes created by biologists such as species, genera, families, and orders. Members of the lower species class are also members of the classes above it and this class i…
848 Views 85 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 27 Oct 2022
Tick-Borne Pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia odocoilei, and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato in Blacklegged Ticks Widespread across Eastern Canada
Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, can transmit single or multiple infections during a tick bite. These tick-borne, zoonotic infections can become chronic and cause insidious diseases in patients. In the present tick-…
1,030 Views 108 Downloads 1 Citation
Open Access
Review Article 17 Oct 2022
Risk of Fractures in Older Adults Living with HIV
Recently, the impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in older patients has began to be observed, creating a field that has not being explored at its fullest by infectologists and geriatricians. The complications as…
960 Views 83 Downloads
Open Access
Short Communication 30 Sep 2022
Comparative Double-Blind Study of Efficacy of Pre-Cleaners for Surgical Instruments and Medical Devices in the Central Sterile Services Department
The Central Sterile Supply Department (CSSD) is one of the hospital's critical support services. It is a place to receive medical equipment blood-stained from the other departments to be cleaned. It is responsible for c…
905 Views 70 Downloads
Open Access
Review Article 30 Aug 2022
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Types and Their Treatment Regimens Using First-Line, Second-Line Injectable, Third-Line, Fluoroquinolones, Aminoglycosides, Cyclic Polypeptides, Novel and Repurposed Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs
Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) causes high mortality and morbidity rates globally. DR-TB and COVID-19 pandemic are posing a major risk to global public health and economic security, and are jeopardizing efforts in t…
2,921 Views 90 Downloads 2 Citations
Open Access
Research Highlights 30 Jun 2022
Development of a Novel Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antiviral: Effective Inhibitory Activity of Brilacidin
The race to develop effective therapeutics/therapies against SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 is ongoing as the pandemic is still far from being controlled. Recently, three groups of scientists including Bakovic, et al…
930 Views 80 Downloads
Open Access
Review Article 21 May 2022
Cordyceps More Than Edible Mushroom-A Rich Source of Diverse Bioactive Metabolites with Huge Medicinal Benefits
Many mushroom genera are famous for their promising therapeutic capabilities. One of the mushrooms genera attracting attention is Cordyceps which has long been used in Asian countries for maintaining long and healthy lif…
16,217 Views 100 Downloads 12 Citations
Open Access
Research Article 10 May 2022
COVID-19 Vaccination Status in Bogura District in Bangladesh
Background: Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) vaccines have been licensed for usage and have been delivered over the globe in various regions. There is a lack of public awareness and understanding of COVID-19 vaccinations, …
3,999 Views 77 Downloads
Open Access
Opinion 30 Apr 2022
Possible Correlations between the COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine and Contracting Myocarditis/Pericarditis in Young Adults
mRNA vaccines have been pivotal in the management of global health in regulating the spread and severity of COVID-19 across the world. Approximately six months post vaccine, there was concerns raised by the Food and Drug…
4,166 Views 86 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 22 Mar 2022
Seroprevalence of COVID-19 Antibodies in the Palestinian Southern Governorates
Background: COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the last strain of coronavirus which was detected in Wuhan city in December 2019. COVID-19 has now become a pandemic disease affecting all countries in the world. T…
4,680 Views 95 Downloads
Open Access
Research Article 17 Mar 2022
The Role of School Engagement in Increasing Vaccination During Measles Mass Vaccination Campaign in Nigeria, 2018: The Lagos State Experience
Background: Schools based vaccination provide opportunity for the delivery of routine vaccines, using the school as the venue of delivery. During the 2017/2018 measles vaccination campaign, the school system stakeholders…
1,815 Views 101 Downloads 1 Citation
Open Access
Review Article 24 Feb 2022
Lichens Uses Surprising Uses of Lichens that Improve Human Life
Lichens are rich in nutrients and in biologically active compounds that belong to different chemical classes. The abilities of different members of Lichens have encouraged researchers to investigate further applications …
20,702 Views 90 Downloads 14 Citations