Over the past twenty years, the link between gut microbes and human autoimmune diseases has attracted extensive attention. Available studies have shown that alterations in gut microbiota are closely related to the development of autoimmune diseases. A variety of factors may influence gut microecology and lead to gut dysbiosis, which may influence systemic inflammatory or autoimmune responses through mechanisms such as aberrant microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, and regulatory T cells/ T helper 17 cells imbalance, then lead to autoimmune diseases. Rheumatic diseases are a group of chronic diseases involving bones and joints, their surrounding soft tissues, and other related tissues and organs. The etiology is varied and the pathogenesis is unclear, but most of them are closely related to autoimmune reactions. This review introduces the alterations of gut microbiota in several common rheumatic diseases and focuses on the promise of antibiotics, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in rheumatic diseases.