In recent years, the contamination of the environment by emerging micro-pollutants has become a significant concern for various communities. Due to the recent identification of these substances as environmental pollutants, there is limited information available regarding their fate and toxicity in the environment. Consequently, the scientific community has extensively debated the spread and fate of these emerging environmental contaminants. Additionally, the continuous production of many of these substances in societies has left their potential impacts on humans and the environment unclear. At present, more information is needed about the current concentrations of emerging pollutants. This study provides an overview of the most significant micropollutants, focusing on the most significant emerging pollutants, assess their potential toxic effects on human health, and understand their behavior once they enter the environment.