Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide and a major public health concern due to their increasing prevalence, economic impact, and association with modifiable lifestyle factors such as poor diet, physical inactivity and substance use. Nutritional strategies have emerged as key tools in both the prevention and management of CVDs. Among these, the DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension), originally developed to control blood pressure, has been widely studied for its cardioprotective effects.

This narrative review analyzes and synthesizes the scientific literature from the last decade regarding the DASH diet's role in cardiovascular health. Data were obtained through a comprehensive search in major biomedical databases and institutional sources, focusing on free-access studies in English and Spanish.

The DASH diet promotes the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean meats, low-fat dairy, and a reduced sodium intake, contributing to improved blood pressure, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and weight management. Several randomized clinical trials, such as the DASH-Sodium and OMNI-Heart studies, support its efficacy. Moreover, emerging research suggests that adherence to this diet may reduce the incidence of heart failure and other cardiometabolic conditions.

However, the effectiveness of the DASH diet is strongly influenced by adherence levels, socioeconomic factors, and cultural contexts. This review also discusses the potential of personalized nutritional interventions through nutrigenetics to enhance dietary impact based on individual genetic profiles.

In conclusion, while further research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and improve adherence strategies (particularly among younger populations), the DASH diet remains a solid, evidence-based option for addressing the global burden of CVDs. Promoting healthy dietary patterns alongside multidisciplinary interventions is essential for effective, long-term cardiovascular disease prevention and control.