The problems related to the environmental pollution caused by anthropogenic activity are particularly significant worldwide. The aim of the study is the quality of the atmospheric air in the region of Stara Zagora, Kazanluk Municipality and Galabovo Municipality and the morbidity of the population. The data are provided by RHI (Regional Health Inspectorate), RHIF (Regional Health Insurance Fund) and MI (Medical Institutions) Stara Zagora for a two-year period 2017-2018. Documentary, statistical and sociological methods are applied. For the period 2017-2018, in Stara Zagora, Ruzhena and Galabovo are reported excessive concentrations of PM10 (fine dust particles). There is an increase in the number of respiratory diseases with the highest relative share of acute bronchitis and pneumonia, especially in children. In order to reduce atmospheric air pollution and the health consequences for the population, it is necessary to carry out architectural and technological measures in the harmful productions of enterprises by installing modern purification facilities. Infrastructural measures such as improving the road surface and using ring roads are also needed.