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Research Article Vol. 6, Issue 12 2025-12-13
Zoonotic Pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Babesia odocoilei, and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Detected in Ixodes scapularis Ticks Collected at an Established Population in Eastern Canada
John D Scott* and Catherine M Scott
Infectious Diseases
Zoonotic Pathogens Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia microti, Babesia odocoilei, and Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato Detected in Ixodes scapularis Ticks Collected at an Established Population in Eastern Canada
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Abstract

Tick-borne zoonotic diseases baffle clinicians and traumatize patients worldwide. We provide the first documentation of four different tick-borne zoonotic pathogens in an established population of blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, located in eastern Canada. Using real-time and nested PCR we detected 4 pathogens in I. scapularis adults as follows: Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.), 17/25 (68%); Babesia odocoilei, 10/25 (40%); Babesia microti, 2/25 (8%); and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, 3/25 (12%). In addition, we found B. burgdorferi s.l. and B. odocoilei juxtaposed in I. scapularis adults. Moreover, polymicrobial pathogens can be condensed in a single tick bite. Symptoms of human babesiosis caused by B. odocoilei are listed. Babesia odocoilei is a sequestering Babesia sp. that is recalcitrant to treat. Clinicians must be aware that this intraerythrocytic parasite is medically different to treat than the Lyme disease bacterium. Both of these tick-borne zoonotic diseases can be persistent, and often chronic. In reality, there is no such condition as “Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome (PTLDS).”

Article Information

JournalJournal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences (JBRES)
Article TypeResearch Article
Published2025-12-13
Volume / IssueVol. 6, Issue 12
DOI10.37871/jbres2233
Pages1852-1864
LicenseCC BY 4.0 — Free to reuse with attribution
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