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A patient in their 70s with cervical carcinoma developed hyperthyroidism after receiving treatment with cisplatin and paclitaxel. Laboratory tests confirmed the patient’s hyperthyroid status. Following the administration of anti-thyroid medications and the completion of the chemotherapy regimen, the patient’s thyroid function tended to stabilize. This case is infrequent, as few prior associations have been reported between these specific chemotherapeutic agents (cisplatin and paclitaxel) and hyperthyroidism. It thus suggests the existence of potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon, underscoring the necessity of conducting further in-depth investigations. It also serves as a reminder to clinical practitioners that when encountering patients receiving chemotherapy who present with such symptoms, clinicians should consider hyperthyroidism in the differential diagnosis.